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Fiser Absite > Review - Basics > Flashcards

Review - Basics Flashcards

Basic sciences

1
Q

Which cell wall component increases membrane fluidity

A

Cholesterol

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2
Q

What are the 3 main lipid classes found in the cell membrane

A

Phospholipids
Cholesterol
Glycolipids

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3
Q

What percentages of protein, carbs, and lipid compose the plasma memebrane

A

Protein - 60
Carbs - 1-10
Lipids - 40

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4
Q

What the difference between surface antigens in ABO vs HLA systems

A

ABO - Glycolipids

HLA - Glycoproteins

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5
Q

Name the adhesion molecules that anchor a cell to other cells or the extracellular matrix

A

Desmosome/Hemidesmosomes

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6
Q

Cell-cell occluding junctions that form an impermeable barrier

A

Tight junctions

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7
Q

Toxic portion of the lipopolysaccharide complex

A

Lipid A

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8
Q

Thin filament that interacts with myosin

A

Actin

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9
Q

Thick filament that slide along actin using ATP

A

Myosin

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10
Q

Intermediate filament found in hair and nails

A

Keratin

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11
Q

Intermediate filament found in muscle

A

Desmin

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12
Q

Intermediate filament found in fibroblasts

A

Vimentin

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13
Q

Structural component of cells that synthesizes exported proteins

A

Rough ER

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14
Q

Structural component of cells that detoxifies drugs and is involved in synthesis of lipids/steroids

A

Smooth ER

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15
Q

Structural component of cells that uses carbohydrates to modify proteins and targets proteins to lysosomes

A

Golgi apparatus

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16
Q

Structure inside the cell that has a double membrane with an outer membrane that is contiguous with the rough ER

A

Nucleus

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17
Q

Structure inside the nucleus where ribosomes are made

A

Nucleolus

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18
Q

Cell structure responsible for energy production

A

Mitochondria

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19
Q

Enzyme involved in unwinding of DNA

A

DNA helicase

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20
Q

Enzyme used to catalyze formation of RNA primers used to initiate DNA synthesis

A

DNA primase

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21
Q

Enzyme that links DNA fragments by degrading RNA primers

A

DNA ligase

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22
Q

Type of mutation that results in a single AA change from a point mutation

A

Missense mutation

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23
Q

Type of mutation resulting from a change in a single base pair

A

Point mutation

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24
Q

Type of mutation occuring from a point mutation that results in replacement of an AA with a stop codon

A

Nonsense mutation

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25
Q

Type of mutation that occurs with the addition or deletion of a few base pairs

A

Frameshift mutation

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26
Q

Most critical component in neovascularization in tumor metastases

A

VEGF receptor (vascular endothelial growth factor)

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27
Q

Overall number of ATP generated from 1 molecule of glucose

A

38 ATP (36 from Krebs, 2 from from glycolysis

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28
Q

Most variable part of the cell cycle that determines cycle length

A

G1

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29
Q

Part of cell cycle where protein synthesis and chromosomal duplication occur

A

S

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30
Q

Phases of the cell cycle

A

G1 - growth
S - DNA synthesis
G2 - Growth and prep for mitosis
M - Mitosis (cell division)

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31
Q

Growth factor affect the cell during this phase of the cell cycle

A

G1

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32
Q

Phase between S and M phase

A

G2

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33
Q

Part of cell cycle where nucleus divides

A

M

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34
Q

Tumor cells are most sensitive to radiation during this stage of cell cycle

A

M

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35
Q

Phases of mitosis

A 
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telephase
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36
Q

Phase of mitosis where chromosomes shorten, nucleolus and nuclear envelope disappear and spindle apparatus forms

A

Prophase

37
Q

Phase of mitosis where centromeres align on equatorial plate, spindle fibers attach to centromeres and centromeres duplicate

A

Metaphase

38
Q

Phase of mitosis where chromatids migrate to opposite poles

A

Anaphase

39
Q

Phase of mitosis when nuclear envelope re-forms and chromosomes decondense

A

Telephase

40
Q

Which coagulation factor has the shortest half life

A

F7

41
Q

Which coagulation factor can be used to differentiate a consumptive coagulopathy vs hepatocellular disease

A

F8

42
Q

Which factors are known as labile factors (activity loss in stored blood)

A

F5 and F8

43
Q

Which factors cross links fibrin

A

F13

44
Q

What does vWF do

A

Links collagen to Gp1b receptors on plts

45
Q

What is the function of antithrombin 3 (AT3)

A

Bind heparin

Inhibits F9, F10, F11, and F2 (thrombin)

46
Q

Sequence of physiologic reactions that mediate hemostasis following vascular injury

A

Vasoconstriction
Platelet activation/adherence, aggregation
Thrombin formation

47
Q

What is Virchow triad

A

Stasis
Endothelial injury
Hypercoagulability

48
Q

MCC of acquired hypercoagulability

A

Smoking

49
Q

Most common inherited hypercoagulable state

A

Factor V Leiden

50
Q

What is the treatment for hyperhomocysteinemia

A

Vit B12 and Folate

51
Q

What i the lifespan of a platelet

A

7-10days

52
Q

Formation of a platelet plug requires these 2 electrolytes

A

Calcium and Magnesium

53
Q

Plt count needed before surgery

A

> 50k

54
Q

Plt count associated with spont bleeding

A

<20k

55
Q

Plt count when one should give prophylactic transfusion

A

<10k

56
Q

NSAIDs act by inhibiting

A

Plt aggregation

57
Q

Uremia leads to a downregulation of

A

vWF
GpIb
GpIIb/IIIa

58
Q

Drug that can be given to help correct plt dysfunction from uremia, bypass or ASA

A

Desmopressin

59
Q

DDAVP helps uremic bleeding by stimulating the release of

A

vWF and F7

60
Q

Normal lifepan of a RBC

A

120 dys

61
Q

Electrolyte likely to fall after infusion of stored blood

A

Calcium (ionized)

62
Q

How does stored blood decrease ionized Ca

A

Citrate in stored blood binds calcium

63
Q

Most common blood product to contain bacterial contamination

A

Platelets

64
Q

Most common bacterial type found in stored plts

A

Gram positive organism

65
Q

True or False, washed RBCs can be given to pt who has had severe allergic reaction to plasma

A

True, very little plasma proteins in washed RBCs

66
Q

1U pRBC increase Hgb and Hct by

A

Hgb 1g/dL

Hct 3-4%

67
Q

Which fluid cannot be infused with RBCs and why

A

LR, calcium in LR may induce coagulation in the IV line

68
Q

What does cryoprecipitate contain

A

vWF, F8 and fibrinogen

69
Q

What does FFP contain

A

All factors including F5 and F7, protein C & S and AT-III

70
Q

Which factor crosses placenta

A

F8

71
Q

Most common congenital bleeding disorder

A

von Willerbrand dz

72
Q

Factor deficient in hemophilia A

A

F8

73
Q

Coagulation study elevated in hemophilia A

A

PTT

74
Q

Factor deficient in hemophilia B

A

F9

75
Q

Inheritance of hemophilia A & B

A

Sex-linked recessive

76
Q

Inheritance of vW diease

A

Autosomal dominant

77
Q

Tx of vW dz

A

Cryo or DDAVP

78
Q

Which type of vW dieaese does DDAVP not work

A

Type 2

79
Q

What are the types of vW Dz and what is their descriptive issue

A

Type 1 - decrease vWF/F8 (quantitative)
Type 2 - functional defect in vWF/receptor (qualitative)
Type 3 - Absent vWF/F8

80
Q

Rosenthal syndrome is deficiency of which factor, what i the treatment

A

F11; Tx - Plasma

81
Q

Stuart-Prower deficiency is deficiency of which factors

A

F7 and F10

82
Q

What receptor deficiency is found in Glanzmann thrombocytopenia

A

GpIIb/IIIa

83
Q

What receptor deficiency is found in Bernard-Soulier dz

A

GpIb

84
Q

Tx for Glanzmann and Bernard Soulier dz

A

Plts

85
Q

What is the half-life of heparin

A

90mins

86
Q

Factors reduced and responsible for warfarin induced sin necrosis

A

Protein C & S

87
Q

Pt with this deficiency are at increased risk for warfarin induced skin necrosis

A

Protein C deficiency

88
Q

What is the length of Coumadin anticoag tx for 1st, 2nd and 3rd DVT?

A

1st - 6 mos
2nd - 1 yr
3rd - lifetime

Fiser Absite (14 decks)

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