43 - Pediatric Surgery Flashcards
Where does the foregut end
Duodenum, proximal to the ampulla
Where does the midgut start and end
Duodenum distal to the ampulla to distal 1/3 of transverse colon
Where does the hindgut start and end
Distal 1/3 of transverse colon to anal canal
Which immune antibody crosses the placenta
IgG
Immune Ab present in mother’s milk
IgA
1 cause of childhood death
Trauma
Trauma bolus for children
20cc/kg x2, then 10cc/kg blood
Best indicator of shock
Tachycardia
Congenital cyst of lung that does NOT communicate with the airway
Pulmonary sequestration
Congenital cyst of lung that does communicate with the airway
CCAM
Congenital cystic adenoid formation
Type of pulmonary sequestration that is more likely to have systemic venous drainage (azygous)
Extra-lobar PS
Type of pulmonary sequestration that is more likely to have pulmonary venous drainage
Intra-lobar PS
Cartilage fails to develop in bronchus, leads to air trapping with expiration
Congenital lobar over-inflation (emphysema)
Lung tissue has anomalous systemic arterial supply with this congenital cyst
Pulm Sequestration
Most common cyst of the mediastinum, usually posterior to carina
Bronchiogenic cyst
Most common mediastinal tumor in children, posterior mediastinum
Neurogenic tumors (neurofibroma, neuroblastoma, etc)
Anterior mediastinal masses
4 T's T-cell lymphoma Teratoma Thymic tumors Thyroid tumors
Most common type of anterior mediastinal mass in children
Teratoma
Middle mediastinal masses (3)
T cell lymphoma
Teratoma
Cardiogenic/bronchogenic cysts
Posterior mediastinal masses (3)
Neurgoenic tumors
T cell lymphoma
Neuroblastoma
Choledochal cyst type - Fusiform dilation of entire common bile duct, mildly dilated common hepatic duct, normal intrahepatic ducts
Type I
Choledochal cyst type - A true diverticulum that hangs off the common bile duct
Type II
Choledochal cyst type - Dilation of distal intramural common bile duct; involves sphincter of Oddi
Type III
Choledochal cyst type - Multiple cysts, both intrahepatic and extrahepatic
Type IV
Choledochal cyst type - Caroli’s disease: intrahepatic cysts; get hepatic fibrosis;
Type V
Tx for Type I choledochal cyst
Resection with hepaticojejunostomy
Tx for Type II choledochal cyst
Resection of diverticulum off CBD
Tx for Type III choledochal cyst
Resection or marsupilization
Tx for Type IV choledochal cyst
Resection +/- lobectomy
Tx for Type V choledochal cyst
Resection +/- lobectom +/- liver txp
Mass like lesion usually found in lateral cervical regions, gets infected
Cystic hygroma
Cystic hygroma are normally found _ to the SCM
Lateral
Anterior located congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Morgagni’s hernia
Posterior located congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Bochdalek’s hernia
Chest sinking in, requires strut for fixation
Pectus excavatum