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Fiser Absite > 43 - Pediatric Surgery > Flashcards

43 - Pediatric Surgery Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the foregut end

A

Duodenum, proximal to the ampulla

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2
Q

Where does the midgut start and end

A

Duodenum distal to the ampulla to distal 1/3 of transverse colon

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3
Q

Where does the hindgut start and end

A

Distal 1/3 of transverse colon to anal canal

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4
Q

Which immune antibody crosses the placenta

A

IgG

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5
Q

Immune Ab present in mother’s milk

A

IgA

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6
Q

1 cause of childhood death

A

Trauma

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7
Q

Trauma bolus for children

A

20cc/kg x2, then 10cc/kg blood

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8
Q

Best indicator of shock

A

Tachycardia

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9
Q

Congenital cyst of lung that does NOT communicate with the airway

A

Pulmonary sequestration

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10
Q

Congenital cyst of lung that does communicate with the airway

A

CCAM

Congenital cystic adenoid formation

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11
Q

Type of pulmonary sequestration that is more likely to have systemic venous drainage (azygous)

A

Extra-lobar PS

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12
Q

Type of pulmonary sequestration that is more likely to have pulmonary venous drainage

A

Intra-lobar PS

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13
Q

Cartilage fails to develop in bronchus, leads to air trapping with expiration

A

Congenital lobar over-inflation (emphysema)

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14
Q

Lung tissue has anomalous systemic arterial supply with this congenital cyst

A

Pulm Sequestration

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15
Q

Most common cyst of the mediastinum, usually posterior to carina

A

Bronchiogenic cyst

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16
Q

Most common mediastinal tumor in children, posterior mediastinum

A

Neurogenic tumors (neurofibroma, neuroblastoma, etc)

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17
Q

Anterior mediastinal masses

A 
4 T's
T-cell lymphoma
Teratoma
Thymic tumors
Thyroid tumors
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18
Q

Most common type of anterior mediastinal mass in children

A

Teratoma

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19
Q

Middle mediastinal masses (3)

A

T cell lymphoma
Teratoma
Cardiogenic/bronchogenic cysts

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20
Q

Posterior mediastinal masses (3)

A

Neurgoenic tumors
T cell lymphoma
Neuroblastoma

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21
Q

Choledochal cyst type - Fusiform dilation of entire common bile duct, mildly dilated common hepatic duct, normal intrahepatic ducts

A

Type I

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22
Q

Choledochal cyst type - A true diverticulum that hangs off the common bile duct

A

Type II

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23
Q

Choledochal cyst type - Dilation of distal intramural common bile duct; involves sphincter of Oddi

A

Type III

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24
Q

Choledochal cyst type - Multiple cysts, both intrahepatic and extrahepatic

A

Type IV

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25
Q

Choledochal cyst type - Caroli’s disease: intrahepatic cysts; get hepatic fibrosis;

A

Type V

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26
Q

Tx for Type I choledochal cyst

A

Resection with hepaticojejunostomy

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27
Q

Tx for Type II choledochal cyst

A

Resection of diverticulum off CBD

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28
Q

Tx for Type III choledochal cyst

A

Resection or marsupilization

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29
Q

Tx for Type IV choledochal cyst

A

Resection +/- lobectomy

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30
Q

Tx for Type V choledochal cyst

A

Resection +/- lobectom +/- liver txp

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31
Q

Mass like lesion usually found in lateral cervical regions, gets infected

A

Cystic hygroma

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32
Q

Cystic hygroma are normally found _ to the SCM

A

Lateral

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33
Q

Anterior located congenital diaphragmatic hernia

A

Morgagni’s hernia

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34
Q

Posterior located congenital diaphragmatic hernia

A

Bochdalek’s hernia

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35
Q

Chest sinking in, requires strut for fixation

A

Pectus excavatum

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36
Q

Chest protrusion, pigeon chest, strut not necessary for repair

A

Pectus Carinatum

37
Q

Most common branchial cleft cyst

A

2nd branchial cleft cyst

38
Q

Branchial cleft cyst at the anngle of the madible, connect with external auditory canal

39
Q

1st branchial cleft cyst of often associated with _

A

Facial nerve

40
Q

Branchial cleft cyst on anterior border of SCM, goes through carotid bifurcation into tonsillar pillar

41
Q

Branchial cleft cyst in lower neck, medial to SCM, associated with piriform sinus

42
Q

Midline cervical mass

A

Thyroglossal duct cyst

43
Q

Tx of thyroglossal duct cyst

A

Excision of cyst, tract and hyoid bone

44
Q

Hemangioma tx

A 
Observation (<8yo)
Oral steroids (>8yo)
45
Q

1 solid abdominal tumor in children

A

Neuroblastoma

46
Q

Neuroblastoma is derived from _ cells

A

Neural crest

47
Q

Nephroblastoma (Wilm’s) frequently metastasizes to (2)

A

Bone, Lung

48
Q

Differentiating factor of nephroblastoma vs neuroblastoma on abd CT

A

Nephroblastoma - replacement of renal parenchyma

Neuroblastoma - Displaces renal parenchyma

49
Q

Chemo drug for neuroblastoma

A

Doxorubicin

50
Q

Chemo drug for Wilm’s tumor

A

Actinomycin and vincristine

51
Q

Most common malignant liver tumor in children

A

Hepatoblastoma

52
Q

1 children’s malignancy overall

A

Leukemia (ALL)

53
Q

1 solid tumor class

A

CNS tumors

54
Q

1 general surgery tumor

A

Neuroblastoma

55
Q

1 tumor in children <2yo

A

Neuroblastoma

56
Q

1 tumor in children >2yo

A

Wilm’s tumor

57
Q

1 cause of duodenal obstruction in newborns

A

Duodenal atresia

58
Q

1 cause of duodenal obstruction after newborn period

A

Malrotation

59
Q

1 cause of colon obstruction

A

Hirschsprung’s dz

60
Q

1 liver tumor in children

A

Hepatoblastoma

61
Q

1 lung tumor in children

62
Q

1 Painful lower GI bleeding

A

Benign anorectal lesions (fissure)

63
Q

1 Painless lower GI bleeding

A

Meckel’s diverticulum

64
Q

1 cause of upper GI bleed <1yo (2)

A

Gastritis, esophagitis

65
Q

1 cause of upper GI bleed >1yo (2)

A

Esophageal varicies, esophagitis

66
Q

Meckel’s diverticulum results from

A

Persistent vitelline duct

67
Q

Most common tissue type in Meckel’s diverticulum

A

Pancreatic

68
Q

Most likely tissue type to be symptomatic in Meckel’s diverticulum

69
Q

Firstborn males, projectile vomiting (nonbilious), olive-like mass in stomach

A

Pyloric stenosis

70
Q

Metabolic derangement of pyloric stenosis

A

Hypochloremic, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis

71
Q

1 cause of lead point in children with intussusception

A

Enlarged Peyer’s patches

72
Q

Intestinal atresia occurs as a result of _

A

Intrauterine vascular accidents

73
Q

Intestinal atresia most common in _

74
Q

Double bubble sign on abdominal XR

A

Duodenal atresia

75
Q

Distal to ampulla of Vater, bilious vomiting, associated with Down’s

A

Duodenal atresia

76
Q

Most common type of tracheoesophageal fistula

77
Q

Type of TE fistula with proximal esoph atresia and distal TE fistula

78
Q

Type of TE fistula with esophageal atresia and no fistula

79
Q

VACTERL syndrome

A 
Vertebral 
Anorectal (imperforate anus)
Cardiac
TE fistula
Radial/Renal
Limb abnormalities
80
Q

Causes distal ileal obstruction, abd distention, bilious vomiting

A

Meconium ileus

81
Q

Does not have peritoneal sac, right of midline

A

Gastroschisis

82
Q

Has peritoneal sac with cord attached, failure of embryonal development

A

Omphalocele

83
Q

Hirschsprung’s dz is due to _

A

Absence of ganglion cells in myenteric plexus

84
Q

Inguinal hernia is due to _

A

Persistent processus vaginalis

85
Q

Undescended teticles put one at risk for

86
Q

2 independent groups and variables is quantitative; compares mean

A

Student T-test

87
Q

Before and after studies, variable is quantitative

A

Paired t-test

88
Q

Compare quantitative variables for more than 2 groups

Fiser Absite (14 decks)

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