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1
Q

where is the biopsy done on for a diagnosis of leukemia?

A

Bone marrow

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2
Q

where is the biopsy done on for a diagnosis of lymphoma?

A

enlarged lymph node or an extranodal mass

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3
Q

clonal disorders of impaired differentiation and increased proliferation

A

leukemia

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4
Q

is there bone marrow in leukemia?

A

yep, normal cells are crowded out

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5
Q

leukostasis is more common in AML or ALL

A

AML

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6
Q

DIC more common in AML or ALL

A

AML esp. APL

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7
Q

extramedullary manifestations ALL vs AML

A

ALL- LN spleen, brain tested

AML- skin, gingiva

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8
Q

tumor lysis occurs in

A

ALL in the setting of low potassium and low glucose

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9
Q

myeloperoxidase and lysozyme are markers of

A

myeloid

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10
Q

terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase are markers of

A

lymphoid

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11
Q

APL will present with

A

leukopenia

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12
Q

ALL will express which cell surface antigens

A

CD10 and CD20

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13
Q

AML will express which cell surface antigens

A

CD13 and CD33

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14
Q

what test can use cell surface antigens to clarify the cell of origin

A

flow cytometry

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15
Q

in AML 11q23 t, del5, del7 is a good or bad

A

bad

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16
Q

in AML t(8;21), inv(16), t(15;17) is good or bad

A

good

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17
Q

in ALL t(12;21) is good or bad

A

good

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18
Q

in ALL t(9,22), t(4;11), 11q23 t is good or bad

A

bad

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19
Q

tumor lysis has two mediccations

A
  1. allopurinol to prevent formation of uric acid

2. rubircarse to make uric acid soluble

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20
Q

HIV associated tend to be _______ B-cell lymphoma and they are associated with ____ associated

A

HIV associated tend to be aggressive B cell lymphoma and they are associated with EBV

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21
Q

long term toxicities of treatment of radiation tend to be

A

fibrosing

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22
Q

peb-ebstein fevers

A

high spike periodic fevers seen in Hodgkins

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23
Q

Hodkin patients will tend to have this weird intolerance

A

alcohol- pain at the site

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24
Q

Classical HL originate from

A

mature b cell at the germinal center of differentiation

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25
Q

immunostaining reed sternberg cells on a classic hodgkin will show

A

CD30 and CD15 markers

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26
Q

ABVD is used in ______. what are the drugs? and toxicities associated with

A

A- doxirubicin: cardiac tox
B- bleomycin: pulm tox
V- vinblastin: Bone Marrow tx and some neuro tox
D- dercabazine: hematologic tox

HD

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27
Q

R-CHOP used in ______. what are the drugs?

A 
R-rituximab
C- cyclosphomide
H- doxirubicin
O- Vincristine
P- prednisone

NHL

think of NHL chop for hockey

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28
Q

why are we looking into new therapies for NHL and HD?

A

long term complication in radiation such as cardiac dx, pulm fibrosis and secondary malignancies

chemo with its secondary leukemia issues and infertility

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29
Q

brentuximab

A

anti-CD30

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30
Q

nivolumab

A

PD-1 inhibitor

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31
Q

eosinophils is found in which lymphoma…. NHL or HD?

A

HD— think of mixed cellurality

32
Q

smudge cell might be indicative of which leukemia

33
Q

CLL has a unmutated and a mutated forms tell me about it

A
  1. unmutated means that the mutation happened before the B cell encounterd an antigen and this is a worse prognosis
  2. mutated means that the mutation happened after the B cell encuntered an antigen and this is a better prognosis
34
Q

two highest risk factors for CLL

A
  1. rai stage III/IV

2. 17p deletion

35
Q

ibrutinib

A

BTK inhibitor for CLL

36
Q

idelafisib

A

PI3K lambda inhibitor for CLL

37
Q

venetoclax

A

BCL2 inhibitor for CLL

38
Q

mantle cell lymphoma has what type of markers

A

CD5+ and CD23-

39
Q

as we learn more abut CLL we found that CLL cells are getting signals from the lymph node microenvironment to stay alive thus this has lead to changes in treatment

A

we need to take account of the lymph node Microenv. and thus tackling BTK is a good idea

40
Q

rouleaux formation on peripheral smear why? and what disease

A

in crease in M protein leading to mor sticky. this is found in multiple myeloma

41
Q

in multiple myeloma a decrease in B2-microglobulin and a increase in serum albumin is a bad or good prognosis

A

good pronosis

42
Q

in multiple myeloma an increase in B2-microglobulin and a decrease in serum albumin is a bad or good prognosis

A

bad prognosis

43
Q

Characterized by the dysregulated production of a particular lineage of mature myeloid or erythroid cells with fairly normal differentiation

44
Q

Characterized by the dysregulated production of a particular lineage of mature myeloid or erythroid cells with abnormal differentiation

A

myelodysplastic syndrome

45
Q

MDS that has a favorable course and response to lenalidomide

A

5Q syndrome

46
Q

acute GVHD affect the

A

skin gut and liver

47
Q

chronic GvHD resembles

A

autoimmune collagen vascular diseases

48
Q

cytokeratins, EMA

49
Q

ER, PR

50
Q

PSA

51
Q

LCA (CD45)

52
Q

S-100

53
Q

chromogranin, synaptophysin, NSE

A

neuroendocrine tumor

54
Q

Beta-HCG, AFP

A

Germ cell tumor

55
Q

vimentin

56
Q

level 1a

57
Q

level1b

58
Q

level 2a

A

molecular subtype

59
Q

level 2b

A

prognostic and/or predictive test

60
Q

level 2

61
Q

level 2c

A

serum and BM analysis

62
Q

level 3

A

intratumor heterogeneity

63
Q

level 4

A

integrated approach

64
Q

active bone marrow in children

A

entire skeleton

65
Q

active bone marrow in adults

A

spine, pelvis, sternum, ribs and skull

66
Q

microbe recognition IgG and complement (C3b)

A

opsonization

67
Q

internalized killing

A

phagocytosis

68
Q

respiratory burst

A

oxygen dependent neutralization

69
Q

phagosome-lysosome function with hydrolytic and proteolytic enzymes

A

non-oxygen dependent

70
Q

two diseases where eosinophils can be found

A
  1. addison’s

2. hodgkin

71
Q

what leukemia should we consider when we see basophils

72
Q

sickle cell crisis states:

  1. vaso-occlusive
  2. hemolytic crisis
  3. aplastic crisis
  4. sequestration crisis
A
  1. vaso-occlusive- acute pain exarcebations
  2. hemolytic crisis- marked increase red cell hemolysis
  3. aplastic crisis- erythroid aplasia due to parvo B19
  4. sequestration crisis- splenic pooling of erythrocytes with splenomegaly and shock-like state
73
Q

different mutation at the beta chain locus on chromosome 11

74
Q

increased MCHC

A

hereditary spherocytosis

75
Q

shistiocytes appear with

A

Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia

heme/onc (30 decks)

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