Review

Question 1

What are the causes of WWI?

Answer 1

Militarism & Arm’s Race: Increased the likelihood of settling problems with the military
Alliances: Allied Powers: Britain, France, Russia, (Italy switched)
Central Powers: Germany, Austro-Hungary, (Ottomans joined when Italy left)
Imperialism
Nationalism
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Question 2

What is the spark that started the war?

Answer 2

The assassination stirred up the Balkans, what really should’ve been a fight between Austro-Hungary and the Serbs turned into a WW.

Question 3

Emperor Franz Joseph

Answer 3

Emperor of Austro-Hungary

Question 4

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Answer 4

Assassinated by a Serbian and was the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne

Question 5

Gavrilo Princip

Answer 5

The Serbian who assassinated the Archduke and his wife

Question 6

Czar Nicholas II

Answer 6

Czar of Russia during the war, him and his family are later assassinated

Question 7

King George V

Answer 7

King of Britain

Question 8

Kaiser Wilhelm II

Answer 8

Kaiser of Germany

Question 9

General Ludendorff

Answer 9

A German General who won the Battle of Tannenburg

Question 10

General Hindenburg

Answer 10

A German field marshal/politician and served as the second German president

Question 11

Rasputin

Answer 11

The holy man who claimed to be able to help the Czarina’s son Alexi overcome his hemophilia. She grew dependent upon him and he made major political/war decisions for Russia

Question 12

Czarina Alexandra

Answer 12

Grew dependent upon Rasputin

Question 13

What were the WWI Alliances? Who “flipped sides and why?

Answer 13

Allied Powers: Allied Powers: Britain, France, Russia, (Italy switched)
Central Powers: Germany, Austro-Hungary, (Ottomans joined when Italy left)
Italy “flipped” sides when the war began because they wanted to win and thought the Allied powers were stronger.

Question 14

New weapons of WWI

Answer 14

Maxim Machine Gun, Flame thrower, Grenades, Poison Gas, Tanks, Rifles

Question 15

What neutral country was invaded by Germany to begin WWI? What nation entered the conflict when this happened?

Answer 15

Belgium (A neutral nation) was invaded by Germany to begin WWI. When this happened, Britain entered the war.

Question 16

Define “total war”

Answer 16

Total War- Using all resources (weapons, finances, ets.) & civilians are involved.

Question 17

5 reasons why the US entered the war

Answer 17

1. Unrestricted submarine warfare…… Sinking of the Lusitania (1915) The “Sussex” pledge (1916) Germany renews unrestricted U Boat attacks (1917)
   American propaganda that stressed German barbarism….
   posters depicted the Kaiser as some sort of madman thus urging Americans to support Allies throughout neutrality
   Germany was seen as a dictatorship & we needed to “make the world safe for democracy”
   U.S. business interests - US trade with the Allies increased from 825 million in 1914 to 3.2 billion in 1916….if they lost, how will loans be repaid?
   Trade with Germany had fallen from $345 million in 1914 to $2 million 2 years later
   Zimmermann Telegram - Germany asked Mexico to enter the war against the US. We intercepted the note

Question 18

Explain “Trench warfare”

Answer 18

On the Western side, soldiers used deep underground trenches to fight. The oldies dug these burrows where they lived and fought. When there was a flood, water was trapped inside causing famine, trench foot , rats & lice. In between opposing trenches was “no man’s land” surrounded by barbed wire.

Question 19

Define “no man’s land”

Answer 19

The barren waste-land filled with shells & barbed wire between opposing trenches.

Question 20

Where did the peace conference take place? Who were the “Big Three”?

Answer 20

Took place in Paris but was signed as The Treaty of Versailles in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles, outside of Paris. The “Big Three” were Woodrow Wilson (President of America), David Lloyd George (British Prime Minister) & George Clemenceau (Prime Minister of France)

Question 21

How was Germany punished in the Versailles Treaty which ended WWI?

Answer 21

Germany...
must assume all blame
Pay over $30 million in reparations
Limit the size of their army to 100,000
No U-Boats, gases, or tanks
removed territories and overseas colonies

Question 22

How did WWI cause the RR?

Answer 22

Impact of World War I
 Like the Crimean war and Russo-Japanese war, Russia quickly drained their resources
 lack of military supplies demoralized the Russian armies
 Czar Nicholas went to the front lines to rally his troops and build morale….failed
 Gregory Rasputin “Holy Man.”
 Alexandra relied on Rasputin’s advice
 group of Russian nobles removed him…..
 Collapse of the Monarchy
 By 1917, turmoil in the cities and the battlefront,
brought chaos within the government & lack of
bread sent people to the streets
 Troops, police, educated classes all turn on
Nicholas and he is forced to abdicate
 Provisional Government under Alexander Kerensky fails
to get out of war or deal with economic crisis

Question 23

Lenin

Answer 23

Was sent to Siberia for pushing socialist (Marxist) beliefs
then exiled to Switzerland….returned home by
Germans
 He adapted Marxist ideas to fit Russian conditions,
calling for an elite group to lead the revolution and
set up a “dictatorship of the proletariat.”
 Promised Russian people “Peace, Land, and Bread”
Within days, the Bolsheviks attacked and destroyed the provisional government.
Russia = Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
 Constitution with elected legislature & supposedly all power, land, resources, &
means of production belonged to people….but in reality the “Communist Party”
controlled everything!
 New Economic Policy (NEP) followed
 Lenin’s stroke and untimely death led to power struggle between Trotsky &
Stalin

Question 24

Trotsky

Answer 24

Trotsky turned the Red Army into an effective fighting machine. Was expected to take over Russia after Lenin’s death.
Trotsky was associated with the idea of “permanent revolution,” the notion that “only the victory of the proletariat in the West could protect Russia from bourgeois restoration and assure it the possibility of rounding out the establishment of socialism,”

Question 25

Stalin

Answer 25

Once in power, Stalin set out to make the Soviet Union a modern industrial power. He put in place several “five-year plans” aimed at building heavy industry, improving transportation, and increasing farm output.
 Stalin brought all economic activity under government control. The Soviet Union developed a command economy, in which the government made all basic economic decisions.
 Stalin also brought agriculture under government control. He forced peasants to give up their land and live on either state-owned farms or collectives, large farms owned and operated by peasants as a group.
 Overall standards of living remained poor. Wages were low and consumer goods were very scarce
Stalin harbored obsessive fears that rival party leaders were plotting against him. In 1934, he launched the Great Purge. Stalin’s power increased as he purged over 4 million “enemies”, many of whom were members of the military. This loss of leadership will greatly hurt the Soviet Union in 1941 when Germany will invade again.
Lenin had formed the Comintern (Communist International) & had been forced to compromise with the peasants. Trotsky was associated with the idea of “permanent revolution,” the notion that “only the victory of the proletariat in the West could protect Russia from bourgeois restoration and assure it the possibility of rounding out the establishment of socialism,” Stalin countered with the reassuring idea that the Bolsheviks didn’t need to wait for revolution abroad in order to succeed in Russia. Stalin would crush the peasants and build “socialism in one country.” The revolution of 1917 had been a political miracle; Stalin would astonish the Party and the world by performing an economic one. And in doing so he would outshine Lenin, who had rejected Stalin (in favor of Trotsky!) on his deathbed. The cost of Stalin’s drive to assert and to vindicate himself would be reckoned in the millions.
This allowed the Soviet Union under Stalin’s command to join the western world in the League of Nations (although the British and the Americans still lacked trust in the USSR!).

Question 26

Western Wars

Answer 26

Fought on French territory (Brits & French vs Germans)

Marne, Verdun, Somme, Passchendale

Question 27

Eastern Wars

Answer 27

Germans, Austro-Hungarians, turks vs. Russia

Tennenburg, Gallipoli, Caporetto

Question 28

Compare and contrast Western & Eastern Wars

Answer 28

West:
War of Attrition, Trenches, Not much land exchange
east:
Lots of territory trading, typical war-fare (no trenches)
Both:
High casualty rates
(Basically fighting 2 different wars)

Question 29

Cheka

Answer 29

Criminal organization created by Lenin

Question 30

Comintern

Answer 30

The Communist International, abbreviated as Comintern was an international communist organization initiated in Moscow, organized by Lenin and dissolved by Stalin

Question 31

Lenin promised the Russian people…

Answer 31

Peace, Land & Bread

Question 32

Totalitarianism

Answer 32

Total control by the government