Review Flashcards
What are the causes of WWI?
Militarism & Arm’s Race: Increased the likelihood of settling problems with the military
Alliances: Allied Powers: Britain, France, Russia, (Italy switched)
Central Powers: Germany, Austro-Hungary, (Ottomans joined when Italy left)
Imperialism
Nationalism
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
What is the spark that started the war?
The assassination stirred up the Balkans, what really should’ve been a fight between Austro-Hungary and the Serbs turned into a WW.
Emperor Franz Joseph
Emperor of Austro-Hungary
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Assassinated by a Serbian and was the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne
Gavrilo Princip
The Serbian who assassinated the Archduke and his wife
Czar Nicholas II
Czar of Russia during the war, him and his family are later assassinated
King George V
King of Britain
Kaiser Wilhelm II
Kaiser of Germany
General Ludendorff
A German General who won the Battle of Tannenburg
General Hindenburg
A German field marshal/politician and served as the second German president
Rasputin
The holy man who claimed to be able to help the Czarina’s son Alexi overcome his hemophilia. She grew dependent upon him and he made major political/war decisions for Russia
Czarina Alexandra
Grew dependent upon Rasputin
What were the WWI Alliances? Who “flipped sides and why?
Allied Powers: Allied Powers: Britain, France, Russia, (Italy switched)
Central Powers: Germany, Austro-Hungary, (Ottomans joined when Italy left)
Italy “flipped” sides when the war began because they wanted to win and thought the Allied powers were stronger.
New weapons of WWI
Maxim Machine Gun, Flame thrower, Grenades, Poison Gas, Tanks, Rifles
What neutral country was invaded by Germany to begin WWI? What nation entered the conflict when this happened?
Belgium (A neutral nation) was invaded by Germany to begin WWI. When this happened, Britain entered the war.
Define “total war”
Total War- Using all resources (weapons, finances, ets.) & civilians are involved.
5 reasons why the US entered the war
- Unrestricted submarine warfare…… Sinking of the Lusitania (1915) The “Sussex” pledge (1916) Germany renews unrestricted U Boat attacks (1917)
American propaganda that stressed German barbarism….
posters depicted the Kaiser as some sort of madman thus urging Americans to support Allies throughout neutrality
Germany was seen as a dictatorship & we needed to “make the world safe for democracy”
U.S. business interests - US trade with the Allies increased from 825 million in 1914 to 3.2 billion in 1916….if they lost, how will loans be repaid?
Trade with Germany had fallen from $345 million in 1914 to $2 million 2 years later
Zimmermann Telegram - Germany asked Mexico to enter the war against the US. We intercepted the note
Explain “Trench warfare”
On the Western side, soldiers used deep underground trenches to fight. The oldies dug these burrows where they lived and fought. When there was a flood, water was trapped inside causing famine, trench foot , rats & lice. In between opposing trenches was “no man’s land” surrounded by barbed wire.
Define “no man’s land”
The barren waste-land filled with shells & barbed wire between opposing trenches.
Where did the peace conference take place? Who were the “Big Three”?
Took place in Paris but was signed as The Treaty of Versailles in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles, outside of Paris. The “Big Three” were Woodrow Wilson (President of America), David Lloyd George (British Prime Minister) & George Clemenceau (Prime Minister of France)
How was Germany punished in the Versailles Treaty which ended WWI?
Germany... must assume all blame Pay over $30 million in reparations Limit the size of their army to 100,000 No U-Boats, gases, or tanks removed territories and overseas colonies
How did WWI cause the RR?
Impact of World War I
Like the Crimean war and Russo-Japanese war, Russia quickly drained their resources
lack of military supplies demoralized the Russian armies
Czar Nicholas went to the front lines to rally his troops and build morale….failed
Gregory Rasputin “Holy Man.”
Alexandra relied on Rasputin’s advice
group of Russian nobles removed him…..
Collapse of the Monarchy
By 1917, turmoil in the cities and the battlefront,
brought chaos within the government & lack of
bread sent people to the streets
Troops, police, educated classes all turn on
Nicholas and he is forced to abdicate
Provisional Government under Alexander Kerensky fails
to get out of war or deal with economic crisis
Lenin
Was sent to Siberia for pushing socialist (Marxist) beliefs
then exiled to Switzerland….returned home by
Germans
He adapted Marxist ideas to fit Russian conditions,
calling for an elite group to lead the revolution and
set up a “dictatorship of the proletariat.”
Promised Russian people “Peace, Land, and Bread”
Within days, the Bolsheviks attacked and destroyed the provisional government.
Russia = Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Constitution with elected legislature & supposedly all power, land, resources, &
means of production belonged to people….but in reality the “Communist Party”
controlled everything!
New Economic Policy (NEP) followed
Lenin’s stroke and untimely death led to power struggle between Trotsky &
Stalin
Trotsky
Trotsky turned the Red Army into an effective fighting machine. Was expected to take over Russia after Lenin’s death.
Trotsky was associated with the idea of “permanent revolution,” the notion that “only the victory of the proletariat in the West could protect Russia from bourgeois restoration and assure it the possibility of rounding out the establishment of socialism,”
