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History Test (WWI & RR) > Ism's > Flashcards

Ism's Flashcards

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1
Q

What were the goals of Congress of Vienna?

A

Conservative ideas, going back to “oldways” in government

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2
Q

What forces did those in attendance believe were dangerous and needed to be stamped out?

A

Liberalism/nationalism were seen as causes of French Revolution/general chaos

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3
Q

In what locations did the conservative states of Europe “look the other way” when nationalistic revolts broke out? Why?

A

Belgium, Serbia, Greece

Ottoman Empire: all nations wanted land so they allowed the Ottomans to decrease in power.

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4
Q

What beliefs/goals were important for 19th century liberals?

A

Constitutions, Republican Government, protection of basic rights, lassiez-faire

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5
Q

What values did conservatives hold dear?

A

Monarchy (divine rights), established religion, surpressing radical ideas, very gradual change

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6
Q

Why did the revolutions (1830, 1848) occur in France?

A

Angry radicals protested absolutist Charles X

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7
Q

What did Metternich mean when he said “when France sneezes, Europe catches cold”?

A

Revolutions in France triggered other ideas of change and uprisings soon after.

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8
Q

Why did the Crimean War break out?

A

France, Britain and Sardinia worried about Russian expansion.

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9
Q

Who fought against whom in the Crimean War?

A

France Britain Sardinia Ottoman Empire

vs.

Russia

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10
Q

Name four results of the Crimean War.

A
  1. Austria and Russia devolped a rivalry (Austria did not return the favor to Russia for crushing their rebellions)
  2. Napolean III gains prestige
  3. Sardinia gets France’s attention & signs secret alliance
  4. All European powers pledge to protect Ottomans (not Russia)
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11
Q

What was the Frankfurt Assembly, and what did they offer to Frederick William IV in 1848? What was his response? Why did he respond in that way?

A

Assembly of German states offered him a German crown. He denied it becuase he didn’t want a crown from “the gutter” (the people)

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12
Q

Who led German unification? Why did he support it?

A

Otto Von Bismark: Wanted to further empower the Hohenzollerns through gaining territory

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13
Q

What did he do in order to achieve unification? In other words, what was his strategy?

A

Blood and iron: strategic warfare would be the only effective path (vs. debate/politics)

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14
Q

What does realpolitik mean? How do you know that both Bismarck and Cavour are supporters of this political philosophy?

A

Undivided commitment to a certain goal; Bismark and Cavour both stood firm in their beliefs and often disregarded morals to achieve the ultimate unification of Germany and Italy.

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15
Q

Who was crowned the first “Kaiser” of Germany? Where? Why is this significant?

A

Wilhelm I; At Versailled; To humiliate the French and prove that they’re no longer the best.

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16
Q

What were the terms of the treaty with France (Treaty of Frankfurt)?

A
  1. France to pay huge sum to Germany
  2. French leave Rome, given to Italy
  3. Germany receives Alsoce-Lorraine
  4. Wilhelm I declared German Kaiser
17
Q

Why did the workers not revolt in Germany?

A

Bismark undercut them (social welfare, accident/old age insurance)

18
Q

What four people were instrumental in Italian unification? What was the significance of each (what role did each play)?

A

Mazzini (Heart

Cavour (Brains)

Garibaldi (Sword)

Victor Emmanuel II (Head)

19
Q

Why did Cavour persuade his king to enter the Crimean War?

A

Sardinia needed allies to unify Italy

20
Q

Name two problems that faced the new unified nation of Italy.

A
  1. People were more regionally nationalistic rather than nationality to Italy
  2. North and South regions were divided (economy, people, cities)
21
Q

Who was Metternich? What role did he play in European politics until 1848?

A

Austrian political leader: Sperheaded conservatism and maintaining it among European natoins

22
Q

What were the two opposing forces facing the Austrian Empire in the 19th century?

A

Liberalism & Nationalism

23
Q

What ethnic minority gained some independence from the Austrians?

A

Hungarians

24
Q

Despite some modernization in the 19th century, what two destructive forces chip away at the Ottoman Empire?

A
  • Nationalism
  • Other nations wanted land
25
Q

Name three ways Russia was different from the rest of Europe in the 19th century.

A
  1. Not modernized
  2. Monarchy; no change in governament structure or style
  3. No human rights (serfdom)
26
Q

Alexander I

A

Enlightenment education, fight Napolean (liberal ideas), timid reformer

27
Q

Nicholas I

A

Crimean Warm repressive to liberals (Decembrist revolt)

28
Q

Alexander II

A

Tried to modernize from defeat, ended serfdom, assassinated

29
Q

Alexander III

A

Absolutist, blames Russians for Father’s death (Alexander II)

30
Q

Nicholas II

A

Unprepared to be Czar, Russo-Japanese War, Bloody Sunday, Duhma, wasn’t “whole heartedly”

31
Q

Name two forces of change in Russia.

A
  1. Liberalism
  2. Government trying to encourage nationalism through wars (but keeps losing)
32
Q

Name five ways Britain became more democratic during the 19th century.

A
  1. Catholics and non-Anglican Protestants given equal political rights
  2. Reform act of 1832 redistributed seats in the House of Congress (rotten boroughs)
  3. Secret ballot
  4. Nouse of Congress is more powerful than the House of Lords
  5. Expanded suffrage
33
Q

Name three reasons why the Irish resented the British.

A
  1. Foreign rule (nationalism)
  2. Land taken from Irish, then forced to be poor tenant farmers
  3. Terrible treatment by British (pverty, potato famine)
34
Q

Name two failures attributed to Napoleon III and two successes.

A

Failures:

  • Losing terribly in the Franco-Prussian war
  • Tried to place an heir on Mexican throne

Successes:

  • Issued a new constitution
  • Promoted investment in industry (Suez Canal)
35
Q

What was unique about the Third French Republic coalition government?

A

So many political parties, government unstable/unproductive

36
Q

Briefly explain the Dreyfus Affair. Why was this event significant for France during the Third Republic?

A
  • Captain Dreyfus accused by military for spying for Germany
  • Nationalist and royalist supporters vs. Liberals/Republicans for justice
  • Military leaders jealous/prejudiced towards Dreyfus for being Jewish
37
Q
A

History Test (WWI & RR) (4 decks)

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