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History Test (WWI & RR) > "Between the Wars" > Flashcards

"Between the Wars" Flashcards

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1
Q

What reforms were introduced in Turkey?

A
  • Islamic law: New law code based on European models
  • Islamic calendar: Christian (Holy day moved to Sunday instead of Friday)
  • Adopted Western clothes
  • Religious schools: State schools
  • Women had new rights (no more veils, voting, banned polygamy, obtain jobs)
  • Industrial expansion
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2
Q

What reforms were introduced in Iran?

A
  • Modernization
  • Industrialization
  • Strengthened army
  • Western alphabet
  • Western clothing
  • Modern, secular schools
  • Encouraged women to be more involved in public life
  • Gained more control over the oil industry from Britain
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3
Q

Why were many Arabs angered by the decisions made at the Paris Peace Conference after World War I?

A
  • Borders made by Europeans

- Hated they were dominated by foreigners (mandates)

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4
Q

What is the Balfour Declaration?

A

A declaration by the British promising a national home for the Jews in Palestine

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5
Q

Why did Palestine become a central conflict between the wars?

A

The Balfour Declaration forbade Arabs from Palestine.

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6
Q

Gandhi

A
  • Embraced Hindu traditions
  • Preached ahimsa (nonviolence)
  • Believed world opinion would eventually side with him.
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7
Q

Amritsar Massacre

A

A large peaceful crowd of Indians gathered in the heart of the city. British soldiers opened fire in the crowd killing hundreds.

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8
Q

How did Indians protest?

A

Peacefully with nonviolence.

-Salt March

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9
Q

Why did Gandhi organize the Salt March?

A

To protest the British taking Indian salt

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10
Q

Passive disobedience

A

Resistance by nonviolent methods to a government, an occupying power, or specific laws, as refusing to comply, demonstrating in protest, or fasting.

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11
Q

Civil disobedience

A

Noun

The refusal to comply with certain laws or to pay taxes and fines, as a peaceful form of political protest.

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12
Q

Sun Yat-sen

A

First and founding president of the Republic of China

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13
Q

Guomindang

A

Chinese political group founded by Chiang Kai-shek

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14
Q

Chiang Kai-sek

A

Founder of the Guomindang

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15
Q

Mao Zedong

A
  • Young revolutionist of peasant origins
  • Chinese communist
  • Believed communism should seek the support of the the peasants (not small urban working class)
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16
Q

Why did the Chinese republic fall into chaos after 1912?

A

The new Republic of China fell into chaos after 1912 because of the mistakes of Yuan Shikai. In 1912, after Sun Yixian(AKA Sun Yat-Sen) stepped down as president in favor for him, Yuan Shikai tried to foolishly create another dynasty. However, the military didn’t back him and opposition divided the nation.

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17
Q

May 4th Movement

A
  • Student protests erupted across china, claiming China can’t be conquered by Japan.
  • Boycotted Japanese goods
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18
Q

Twenty-One Demands

A

An ultimatum to China from Japan saying they must give control over territory to Japan or else go to war.

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19
Q

Long March

A

Led by Mao, 100,000 followers fled the Guomindang and trekked through horrible mountainous conditions. Only 20,000 survived but inspired new followers to join.

20
Q

Rape pf Nanjing

A

The cruelty/destruction of the siege of Nanjing by Japan.

21
Q

Emperor Hirohito

A

A puppet for militarists. Japan.

22
Q

What liberal changes occurred in Japan in the 1920s?

A
  • Political parties grew stronger
  • Elected Diet members (Japanese Parliament
  • All men had voting rights
23
Q

How did Japanese nationalists respond to the Great Depression?

A
  • Trade stopped (they relied on exports)
  • Unemployment
  • Peasants starve
  • Militarists take control (blame government for GD)
24
Q

How did Japanese nationalists act at home?

A
  • Military domination
  • Built a cult around the emperor
  • Government focused on schools and taught absolute obedience to emperor and service to the state.
25
Q

How did Japanese nationalists act overseas?

A
  • Taking over China

- Manchurian Incident

26
Q

Problems facing the Allies after the war victory:

A
  • Jobs for veterans
  • War damages land
  • Debt
  • Great Depression
27
Q

What was the Maginot Line?

A

Made by France to secure the border against Germany & strictly enforced the Verailles Treaty.
(However the Germans went around the line through neutral Belgium)

28
Q

What was the cause of the Great Depression?

A

People bought stock on the margin

29
Q

What problems faced Italy after WWI?

A

Unemployment

30
Q

In what ways was Mussolini a typical totalitarian dictator?

A
  • Single party dictatorship
  • State control of economy
  • Secret police
  • Laws enforced by terror
  • Use of schools and media
31
Q

What were Mussolini’s goals for Italy?

A
  • End corruption
  • Replace turmoil with order
  • Reviving Roman greatness
32
Q

What values did Facism promote?

A
  • Strong and stable government
  • Intense nationalism
  • Reviving national pride (Roman)
33
Q

Blackshirts

A
  • Mussolini’s supporters/followers
  • Broke up socialist parties
  • Smashed leftist presses
  • Attacked farmers’ cooperatives
34
Q

March on Rome

A

In fear of a civil war, Kind Victor Emmanuel III asked Mussolini to form a government as prime minister

35
Q

What problems did Germany face after WWI?

A

Politically weak

36
Q

How did the Great Depression help Hitler?

A

The people blamed the government for their economic problems, so they turned to Hitler who promised a better life.

37
Q

Mein Kampf

A

The memoir Hitler wrote about his life while in prison.

38
Q

What was the Great Purge?

A

The Great Purge was a series of repressive measures in the Soviet Union in the late 1930s. Stalin ruthlessly rooted all all political enemies, real or imagined. Great numbers of Soviet military and party officials were rounded up, forced to confess and shot.

39
Q

Realism

A
  1. Style that shows what the eyes actually see.
    Honest- shows reality (even the unpleasant)
    Loss with camera
40
Q

Impressionism

A
  1. Capturing the momentary feeling, “impression” of a real life scene.
41
Q

Characteristics of impressionism

A
  • Visible brushstrokes
  • Light
  • Not blended
  • Modern life as subject
42
Q

Post-Impressionism

A
  1. Young artists who studied impressionists and exaggerated their art style
43
Q

Pointillism

A
  1. -Tiny dots of color
    - Artificial lifelessness in figures and landscape
    - Eye blends tiny dots to form an image
44
Q

Expressionism

A
  1. All about emotion. Portrays the artist’s emotion (of a scene, from childhood, or of society)
    - Visual vivid colors
45
Q

Fauvism

A
  1. Paintings that used intensely vivid, non-naturalistic and exuberant colors.
46
Q

Cubism

A
  1. Objects are broken up, analyzed, and reassembled in abstract form (geometric shapes)
    - Picasso

History Test (WWI & RR) (4 decks)

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