Review 6 Flashcards
What was the leading cause of death among fire fighters from 1995 to 2004?
heart attacks
Leaders will always be in charge; however, in order to be effective in a CRM environment, they must also
be open to suggestion and constructive criticism
Can fire fighters themselves ever be valuable sources of information in fire cause determination?
Yes.
What city began the first organized instruction of fire officers in 1869?
New York City
According to national statistics,……….of fires are inCendiaryl
25 percent
According to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. the most basic human needs, at the bottom of the ladder, are known as
physiological needs
What is one of the common human behavior factors that leads to a loss of situational awareness?
disregarding information
Who does the textbook recommend to facilitate a debriefing?
someone not involved in the incident
What is the fifth level of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
self-actualization
What agency launched a Web-based system in 2005 to report near misses, with the goal of tracking incidents to avoid serious injury or death, to identify trends, and to share the information with other fire fighters in a confidential and nonpunitive way
IAFC
Management is the science of using…….to achieve……..
available resources I desired results
What is one of the six points of the CRM model that is especially well-suited for the fire service?
task allocation
A discrepancy between what is going on and what should be occurring is often the first indicator of
an error
Followers should perform a self-assessment of their ability to function as part of a team. The self-assessment should consider
four critical areas: physical condition, mental condition, attitude, and
understanding human behavior
What is CRM
a behavioral modification training system
How many of the fire fighter strikes of the 1970s resulted in a net gain for organized labor?
none of them
Most errors on the incident scene can be divided into two categories: personal/crew performance and
mechanical breakdown
What is the relationship of Herzberg’s hygiene factors to motivation?
They do not motivate, but without them, there is no motivation.
Which of the following indicators may indicate that a fire was intentionally set?
multiple points of origin
What does a Theory X manager believe?
that people do not like to work
How does CRM view human error?
as an everyday part of life
How widespread was the CERT program in 2008?
There were 3091 CERT programs.
VVhat is the dirty dozen in me context of CRM?
a set of human factors that contribute to mistakes
What is the flammable liquid of choice for most amateur arsonists?
gasoline
When determining the fuel that was first ignited as part of finding the cause of a fire. both the type of fuel and…… must be identified
form
VVhatAct enacted in 1883 established the civil service system in the federal government?
Pendleton Act
What skills promote synergy between the mechanical element and human players?
inquiry and advocacy
It is not sufficient to identify and focus on a possible cause that fits the circumstances in fire cause determination. What else must be done?
All other possibilities must be ruled out.
Taylor’s unflattering characterization of workers viewed them as cheap, stupid, and
interchangeable
What is one of Helmreich’s three methods for dealing with
avoidance
A U- or V-shaped fire pattern is also known by what other name?
a movement pattern
CRM advocates speak directly, yet in a manner that does not
challenge the authority of the superior
How do fire officers exercise leadership of a team?
rank and authority
What can fire officers use to evaluate the strengths of an individual?
training exercises
One of Taylor’s four principles was to replace rule-of-thumb work methods with
_
methods based on scientific study of the tasks
What is the fire investigator’s primary responsibility when conducting a fire investigation?
Develop a properly documented case.
In an enclosed room, when a fire begins, heat and smoke first rise until they hit the ceiling, then spread laferally until they encounter walls. Then what do they do?
They bank down toward the floor.
According to the June 2007 document published by the NFPA Fire Analysis and Research Division, the number of fire fighters dying on duty decreased……during a 30-year retrospective analysis of fire fighter fatalities from the 1970s to 2000s.
30 percent
What is the first step in the Lubnau and Okray five-step model for conducting a successful debriefing?
Just the facts
If the cause of a fire is determined to be related to some malfunction that occurred within a device or system, then a(n)……..is performed to identify what happened and why.
failure analysis
Who is responsible for completing the National Fire Incident Reporting System documents?
incident commander
What does transmission mean in the context of a competent ignition source?
sufficient heat energy being transmitted from the ignition source to the fuel
What happened to the PATCO Air Traffic Controllers who went on strike in 1981?
They were all fired outright and never hired back.
What is one of the pivotal components of the synergy ofCRM?
Comment
people
According to the NFPA, the four classifications of fire cause are accidental, incendiary, undetermined and
natural
The 2007 NFPA report on fire fighter fatalities noted that of the 89 fatalities that year,…………occurred on the fire ground.
38
In the Blake and Mouton Managerial Grid,……..sees a high level of concern for either people or results as too extreme and tries to moderate both in the workplace. Your Expected
status quo
……………… is the successful transfer and understanding of a thought from one person to another.
Communication
What incident management system followed ICS. FGC. and IMS largely because of the 9/11 attacks and gaps in response
identified during Hurricanes Rita and Katrina?
NIMS
A(n)……………..is used when an individual who is attempting to conceal information is being questioned.
interrogation
What did the Norris-LaGuardia Act of 1932 establish?
Employers cannot force employees to enter into contracts in order to keep their jobs.
A competent ignition source has three components; generation, transmission, and…….
heating
TheWagner-Connery Act of 1935
Act of 1935 defined five types of unfair labor practices. What is one of those types?
not hiring union members
A Theory Y manager believes that people need to be………, not………….
encouraged I controlled
The focal point of CRM in conflict resolution is to focus on
what is right
What important vote did the IAFF pass in 1968?
to eliminate their 50-year-old no-strike clause in their constitution
Complete this principle of CRM: Humans create technology; therefore…….
it is fallible
When determining the material first ignited, the type of material is the nature of the material itself, such as cotton. The……..tells how the material is used.
form of material
Where must a source of ignition be located, relative to the point of origin?
at or near it
According to Gordon Dupont, lack of communication, stress, and fatigue are
reasons humans make mistakes
Is there any connection between depth of char and point of origin?
Yes, the deeper the char, the closer that material was to the point of
origin.
What is an effective listening technique that a fire officer should use during an argument?
Refrain from commenting until the other person is finished.
In addition to naturalistic decision making, what is the other decision-making model fire ground commanders use?
recognition primed
CRM does not advocate or support any abandonment of…
legitimate authority
CRM-enriched environments generate climates that have an impact on the freedom to question. VVhatimpact do they have?
They encourage it.
What is the term for the division of responsibilities among individuals and teams in a manner that allows for their effective accomplishment?
task allocation
The laissez-faire leadership style moves the decision making from fire officers to the _
individual fire fighters
How did Taylor determine the optimal way to perform a job?
time and motion studies
Which of the following belongs with complacency, distraction, and fatigue as a reason humans make mistakes?
norms
True respect is based on three competencies: personal, technical, and
social
The Blake and Mouton Managerial Grid style that represents the lowest level of concern for both results and people is called
indifferent
Who has the best opportunity to improve the safety and effectiveness of fire operations?
fire officer
The Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972 includes almost all public and private employers with a minimum number of employees. What is the number?
15
According to James Reason, unsafe acts committed by people who are in direct contact with the situation or system are classified as what type of failure?
active
After all investigative possibilities have been exhausted, if there are still two or more potential causes, then how should the cause of the fire be reported?
as undetermined
