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Mrs.Ceh's Psychology Class > Review > Flashcards

Review Flashcards

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1
Q

behavior viewed in terms of biological responses (ex: look at heart rate, physical changes in body)

A

biopsychological approach

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2
Q

behavior viewed as product of learned responses

A

behavioral approach

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3
Q

behavior is based on influence from unconscious

A

psychoanalytic approach

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4
Q

behavior is viewed as reflection of personal growth; we all strive to live up to our potential

A

humanism

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5
Q

behavior viewed as product of internal thoughts (ex: change irrational thoughts to rational ones)

A

cognitive approach

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6
Q

behavior influenced by rules and expectations of society; rules of ones social group, including ethnicity, race, religion; culture

A

sociocultural approach

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7
Q

the scientific study of mental processes and behavior

A

psychology

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8
Q

looking inside oneself and describing what is there (such as emotions, feelings)

A

introspection

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9
Q

these types of psychologists study the origin, cause or results of behaviors; work in a research setting, such as a lab or conducting naturalistic observations

A

research psychologist

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10
Q

these types of psychologists deal directly with clients; make use of the findings of the research psychologists

A

applied psychologist

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11
Q

this specific type of psychologist typically works with clients who have more severe disorders, such as schizophrenia; will work with clients with their personal problems

A

clinical psychologist

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12
Q

this type of study looks at the same group of people over an extended (long) period of time

A

longitudinal study

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13
Q

this type of study looks at different age groups at the same type in order to understand changes that occur in a lifetime

A

cross sectional study

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14
Q

this is the variable that is manipulated

A

independent variable

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15
Q

this is the variable that depends on the independent variable manipulation

A

dependent variable

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16
Q

the group that receives the critical part of the experiment; is exposed to the independent variable

A

experimental group

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17
Q

the group that does not receive the critical part of the experiment; is not exposed to the independent variable

A

control group

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18
Q

name an ethical guideline for experimentation

A

do not harm; confidentiality; open and honest in experimentation; minimize physical, mental risks; participant can stop participation at any time

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19
Q

the statement of the results the experimenter expects to find

A

hypothesis

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20
Q

the UCS in Pavlov’s experiment

A

meat/food

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21
Q

the UCR in Pavlov’s experiment

A

salivation

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22
Q

the NS in Pavlov’s experiment

A

bell

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23
Q

the CS in Pavlov’s experiment

A

bell

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24
Q

the CR in Pavlov’s experiment

A

salivation

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25
Q

positive or negative reinforcement? Timmy is given a jolly rancher every time he gets an A on a test

A

positive

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26
Q

positive or negative reinforcement? A parent nagging her child to clean up her room

A

negative

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27
Q

positive or negative reinforcement? Police pulling drivers over and giving prizes for buckling up

A

positive

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28
Q

positive or negative reinforcement? A professor gives extra credit for perfect attendance

A

positive

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29
Q

positive or negative reinforcement? A rat presses a lever to terminate a shock or loud tone

A

negative

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30
Q

schedule of reinforcement? Ryan has a math test every Thursday.

A

fixed interval

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31
Q

schedule of reinforcement? After every ten problems Ryan completes when studying, he allows himself an M&M.

A

fixed ratio

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32
Q

schedule of reinforcement? Ryan would look over his math book often because he never knew how much time would go by before his teacher might give a surprise quiz.

A

variable interval

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33
Q

schedule of reinforcement? Ryan never knows how many “A” assignments he will have to receive before his mom will reward him with money.

A

variable ratio

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34
Q

when gradual approximations to the desired response are rewarded; Crosby the dog learns to do tricks because his owner uses gradual rewards

A

shaping

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35
Q

Ryan is no longer reinforced for A grades so he gradually stops caring and trying to earn them. This is an example of …..

A

extinction

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36
Q

Crosby the dog barks at the mailman every day. One day a man jumped out of a white van at his house and Crosby barked at him, too. This is an example of …..

A

generalization

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37
Q

Crosby only barks at the mailman but not the cable guy. This is an example of ….

A

discrimination

38
Q

Rachel plays house with her baby dolls and tries to feed them like her mom does with her baby brother. This is an example of

A

social learning

39
Q

according to social learning theory most of our behavior is learned through

A

imitation and observation

40
Q

memory of a specific event

A

episodic memory

41
Q

general knowledge we remember

A

semantic memory

42
Q

implied memory; skills

A

implicit memory

43
Q

example of what type of memory? knowing your ABC’s

A

semantic

44
Q

example of what type of memory? remembering your first day of middle school

A

episodic

45
Q

example of what type of memory? knowing hydrogen and oxygen make water

A

semantic

46
Q

example of what type of memory? knowing how to type

A

implicit

47
Q

example of what type of memory? remembering what you ate on Thanksgiving

A

episodic

48
Q

example of what type of memory? knowing how to ride a bike

A

implicit

49
Q

the first stage of memory

A

sensory memory

50
Q

these processes cause people to forget

A

interference and decay

51
Q

relating new material to something somebody already knows (touch/taste activity in class)

A

elaborative rehearsal

52
Q

repeating information over and over again as a way to remember something

A

maintenance rehearsal

53
Q

provides you with a mental image; representation in space

A

cognitive map

54
Q

a brief, involuntary facial expression

A

microexpression

55
Q

we participate in an activity for our own enjoyment, rather than for a concrete, tangible reward

A

intrinsic motivation

56
Q

we do something for a concrete, tangible reward (ex; money)

A

extrinsic motivation

57
Q

according to Maslow, a self actualized person strives to

A

live up to their potential; be all they are capable of becoming

58
Q

instincts, urges present at birth; ‘devil’ on your shoulder

A

id

59
Q

conscience; ‘angel’ on your shoulder

A

superego

60
Q

balances desires with reality; balances wants of ‘devil’ and ‘angel’; develops solution

A

ego

61
Q

reveal our unconscious desires through freely saying what comes to our mind: Freud’s technique to bring thoughts from unconscious to conscious

A

free association

62
Q

Freud’s stages include

A

Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latent, Genital

63
Q

Carl Jung believed your collective unconsciuos was your

A

psychic inheritance; we are all connected

64
Q

What did Karen Horney believe had the greatest impact on relationships?

A

love; lack of love; being able to form solid, loving relationships

65
Q

During the identity vs. role confusion stage of Erikson, what happens?

A

adolescents try to figure out who they are

66
Q

During the generativity vs. stagnation stage of Erikson, what happens?

A

adults may give something back to the world or remain stagnate, doing nothing

67
Q

During the integrity vs. despair stage of Erikson, what happens?

A

adults look back on their life, proud of what they have done or filled with regrets

68
Q

according to Rogers, when do we become fully functioning individuals

A

when we unite our real and ideal self

69
Q

a broad, long lasting pattern of behavior; remains consistent in a variety of situations

A

personality

70
Q

identify disorder: inability to sit still for long periods of time; difficulty paying attention

A

ADHD

71
Q

identify disorder: will fall along spectrum; may have repetitive behaviors such as rocking, opening/closing doors; delayed speech

A

autism

72
Q

identify disorder: a fear of a specific object or situation; irrational fear of item

A

phobia

73
Q

identify disorder: magnify any illness you have; ex: a cough means you have lung disease

A

hypochondriasis

74
Q

identify disorder: when you convert psychological trauma in to physical ailment; ex: see dog run over now can not see

A

conversion disorder

75
Q

identify disorder: may suffer from hallucinations, delusions, thought disorder

A

schizophrenia

76
Q

identify disorder: may have no regret for treating people poorly or committing crimes; may be a con artist; formerly known as psychopath or sociopath

A

antisocial personality disorder

77
Q

identify disorder: believe others are out to harm or deceive them

A

paranoid personality disorder

78
Q

identify disorder: have times of mania and times of depression

A

bipolar disorder

79
Q

identify disorder: amnesia that is psychologically caused

A

dissociative amnesia

80
Q

identify disorder: focus on perceived physical flaw; ex: may not leave home because of perceived flaw

A

body dysmorphic disorder

81
Q

identify disorder: has feelings of anxiety without particular cause; ongoing feelings

A

generalized anxiety disorder

82
Q

reinforcement by adding a stimulus when desired response occurs to increase or maintain frequency of a behavior

A

positive reinforcement

83
Q

reinforcement by removal of an unpleasant stimulus when a desired response occurs

A

negative reinforcement

84
Q

REBT is a form of what type of therapy? Cognitive or Humanistic?

A

Cognitive

85
Q

the basic premise of cognitive therapy is to

A

change irrational thoughts to rational ones

86
Q

what is the DSM?

A

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: manual detailing psychological disorders

87
Q

If there is a full moon, then students are less likely to help a teacher. What is the Independent Variable (IV)?

A

phase of moon

88
Q

If there is a full moon, then students are less likely to help a teacher. What is the Dependent Variable (DV)?

A

helping behavior

89
Q

If there is a full moon, then students are less likely to help a teacher. What is the experimental group?

A

group of students during full moon phase

90
Q

according to Freud, most problems we experience as adults can be traced back to?

A

unconscious conflicts; influences from childhood

91
Q

Systematic desensitization involves

A

step by step behavior changes; relax at each step of process; manage anxiety

92
Q

What did Freud believe dreams represented?

A

a view in to person’s unconscious; must free associate to gain insight in to dream

Mrs.Ceh's Psychology Class (9 decks)

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