Memory Flashcards
Memory of a specific event
episodic memory
Memory that consists of general knowledge
semantic memory
Memory that is implied; consists of skills people have learned
implicit memory
Memory of an event that has a special meaning; recalled in great detail
flashbulb memory
Encoding information by applying meaning
semantic code
Encoding information by using sound
acoustic code
Encoding information by using pictures
visual code
Process by which we recall experiences, information and skills
memory
A method of storage that utilizes repetition; repeating over and over to learn something
maintenance rehearsal
A method of storage that ties information to other info; requires deeper thought; remember info by tying it to other info (ex: touch/taste activity)
elaborative rehearsal
The first stage of the three stage memory approach
sensory memory
This is your working memory; it fades after several seconds
short term memory
When it is easier to recall initial (first) items in a list
primacy effect
When it is easier to recall the last items in a list
recency effect
When you organize information in to familiar units to help you remember them more easily (ex: break apart phone number in to manageable units)
chunking
the last stage of the three stage memory approach
long term memory
When you identify what has been encountered before
recognition
When you bring back to your mind information already learned
recall
When new information interferes with old information
interference
Mental representations of the world; one way of organizing in long term memory; may influence your reconstruction of a memory
schemas
Type of interference: Recent Interferes (can’t remember old)
retroactive
Type of interference: Previous Interferes (can’t remember new)
proactive
information in STM is not encoded in LTM
encoding failure
memories stored in LTM are momentarily inaccessible (tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon)
retrieval failure
type of memory? I know how to drive a car
implicit memory
type of memory? I know Skinner’s Operant Conditioning theories
semantic memory
type of memory? I know algebraic formulas
semantic memory
type of memory? I remember my first day of middle school
episodic memory
type of memory? I know how to skateboard
implicit memory
type of memory? I remember what I ate for lunch on Saturday
episodic memory
process by which we maintain encoded information over a period of time
storage
the three steps of the Information Processing Approach
encoding, storage, retrieval
the three stages of the Three Stage Memory Approach
sensory, short term, long term
Memories are dependent on the place where they were encoded and stored
context dependent memory
when you locate stored information and bring it to conscious thought
retrieval
