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Mrs.Ceh's Psychology Class > Learning > Flashcards

Learning Flashcards

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1
Q

a response spreads from one specific stimulus to another stimuli that resembles the original; for example, Pavlov’s dog responds to a bell and a buzzer

A

generalization

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2
Q

a schedule of reinforcement where reinforcement occurs after a desired behavior occurs, but a different number of the desired behaviors is required each time

A

variable ratio

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3
Q

a previously neutral stimulus that has been associated with a natural, unconditioned response becomes this

A

conditioned stimulus

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4
Q

the process of weakening a response by following it with unpleasant consequences

A

punishment

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5
Q

the type of conditioning that results from one’s actions and the consequences they cause

A

operant conditioning

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6
Q

learning that isn’t obvious; is hidden; beneath the surface

A

latent learning

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7
Q

the gradual loss of an association over time; for example, Pavlov’s dogs no longer salivate when they hear a bell

A

extinction

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8
Q

the process of strengthening a response by following it with the taking away or avoiding of something unpleasant

A

negative reinforcement

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9
Q

the process of gradually learning a response by successively reinforcing closer approximations to it; a pigeon learned to turn in a circle by being reinforced every time it went in that general direction

A

shaping

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10
Q

Pavlov’s method of conditioning in which associations are made between a natural stimulus and a learned, neutral stimulus

A

classical conditioning

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11
Q

a stimulus that automatically and naturally elicits a response

A

unconditioned stimulus

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12
Q

a reinforcement is received after a fixed amount of time has passed if the desired act has occurred

A

fixed interval

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13
Q

strengthening the tendency to repeat a response by following it with the addition of something pleasant

A

positive reinforcement

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14
Q

each and every time a behavior occurs, reinforcement in given

A

continuous reinforcement

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15
Q

learning to tell the difference between one event or object and another; the opposite of generalization; for example, Pavlov’s dog would only salivate to a high pitched tone

A

discrimination

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16
Q

a way of learning based on abstract mental processes and previous knowledge

A

cognitive learning

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17
Q

when you put together a series of learned tasks; this process, for example, has occurred when you train a bird to walk a ladder, spin in a circle and dunk a mini basketball

A

chaining

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18
Q

In Pavlov’s original experiment, salivating to the tone represented this

A

conditioned response

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19
Q

a reinforcement is received after a fixed amount of responses has occurred

A

fixed ratio

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20
Q

Reinforcement can occur under fixed, variable, ratio or interval schedules under this schedule of reinforcement

A

partial reinforcement

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21
Q

when a previously extinct response reoccurs

A

spontaneous recovery

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22
Q

John is rewarded with a cookie when he finishes his dinner; this is an example of?

A

positive reinforcement

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23
Q

Ann gets out of being grounded when she cleans up her room; this is an example of?

A

negative reinforcement

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24
Q

3 year old Jennie sees her mom picking up her dishes from the table and she begins to pick up hers each evening, too; this reflects?

A

social learning/modeling

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25
Q

Ernie was late to class so his teacher gave him a detention; this reflects a?

A

punishment

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26
Q

Terri is given a gold star after she completes numbers 2, 4, 6 and 8 of her math problems; what type of schedule?

A

fixed ratio; positive reinforcement

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27
Q

Ernie was late to class so his teacher gave him a detention; what does this represet?

A

punishment

28
Q

Sally’s teacher stopped giving her bonus points and eventually Sally stopped typing her papers; what does this represent?

A

extinction

29
Q

Every time Sally turns in a typed paper her teacher gave her bonus points; what does this represent?

A

continuous reinforcement; positive reinforcement

30
Q

observing and imitating a specific behavior

A

modeling

31
Q

a mental representation of where you are; you know where the letters are on your cell phone without looking

A

cognitive map

32
Q

belief about our ability to perform an action and get the desired reward

A

expectancies

33
Q

promising a reward for something someone already likes to do may limit enjoyment of that activity

A

overjustification effect

34
Q

preference for certain types of reinforcement; you may prefer bonus points over a new pencil as a reinforcer

A

reinforcement value

35
Q

Bandura’s experiment that highlighted the Bobo doll and aggressive behavior reflects this concept

A

social learning

36
Q

John Watson claimed that little Albert was conditioned to fear a rat; this fear then transferred to anything that resembled the rat, such as a bunny. If this happened, this would be an example of?

A

generalization

37
Q

Classical or Operant? Timmy got a new Lego set when he got a shot at the doctors office without crying

A

Operant

38
Q

Classical or Operant? Mandy had a panic attack before she met with her Biology professor. Now whenever she sees her Biology professor she feels panicked and afraid.

A

Classical

39
Q

Classical or Operant? The last time you ate chicken at Chick-fil-A you had food poisoning and become nauseated. Now just the sight of a Chick-fil-A chicken sandwich causes you to feel nauseated.

A

Classical

40
Q

Classical or Operant? You quickly leave the building when the fire alarm sounds.

A

Operant

41
Q

Positive or Negative Reinforcement? The child gets free food from McDonald’s for earning straight A’s.

A

Positive

42
Q

Positive or Negative Reinforcement? You clean up your mess in your dorm room to avoid a fight with your roommate.

A

Negative

43
Q

Negative Reinforcement or Punishment? You stayed out past curfew and your parents take away your car for two weeks.

A

Punishment

44
Q

Negative Reinforcement or Punishment? You finally earned an “A” in Physics, so your parents “unground” you

A

Negative Reinforcement

45
Q

Schedule? For every 5 “A” grades I earn, my parents buy me a pack of gum

A

Fixed Ratio

46
Q

Schedule? For a random number of “A” grades (sometimes it’s 3 A’s, sometimes 7 A’s), my parents buy me a pack of gum

A

Variable Ratio

47
Q

Schedule? After I study for thirty minutes, my mom gives me a piece of gum

A

Fixed Interval

48
Q

Schedule? After a random number of minutes studying (I’m never sure how long), my mom gives me a piece of gum

A

Variable Interval

49
Q

Pavlov placed a piece of meat on a dog’s tongue and observed salivation. He then played a tone before giving the meat to the dog. Pavlov’s dog learned to salivate at the sound of a tone. What is the UCS?

A

Meat

50
Q

Pavlov placed a piece of meat on a dog’s tongue and observed salivation. He then played a tone before giving the meat to the dog. Pavlov’s dog learned to salivate at the sound of a tone. What is the UCR?

A

Salivation

51
Q

Pavlov placed a piece of meat on a dog’s tongue and observed salivation. He then played a tone before giving the meat to the dog. Pavlov’s dog learned to salivate at the sound of a tone. What is the NS?

A

Tone

52
Q

Pavlov placed a piece of meat on a dog’s tongue and observed salivation. He then played a tone before giving the meat to the dog. Pavlov’s dog learned to salivate at the sound of a tone. What is the CS?

A

Tone

53
Q

Pavlov placed a piece of meat on a dog’s tongue and observed salivation. He then played a tone before giving the meat to the dog. Pavlov’s dog learned to salivate at the sound of a tone. What is the CR?

A

Salivation

54
Q

The last time you ate chicken at Chick-fil-A you had food poisoning and become nauseated. Now just the sight of a Chick-fil-A chicken sandwich causes you to feel nauseated. What is the UCS and the UCR?

A 
UCS = food poisoning
UCR = nausea
55
Q

The last time you ate chicken at Chick-fil-A you had food poisoning and become nauseated. Now just the sight of a Chick-fil-A chicken sandwich causes you to feel nauseated. What is the NS?

A

NS = Chick-fil-A chicken sandwich

56
Q

The last time you ate chicken at Chick-fil-A you had food poisoning and become nauseated. Now just the sight of a Chick-fil-A chicken sandwich causes you to feel nauseated. What is the CS and the CR?

A 
CS = Chick-fil-A chicken sandwich
CR = nausea
57
Q

Positive or Negative Punishment? A dog’s barking is punished with a spray of citronella

A

Positive Punishment

58
Q

Positive or Negative Punishment? The teen is grounded for a week and not allowed to go out with their friends because they lied to their parents.

A

Negative Punishment

59
Q

Review Watson’s experiment with Little Albert

A

Review UCS, UCR, NS, CS, CR

60
Q

this schedule of reinforcement has the greatest resistance to extinction

A

partial reinforcement

61
Q

this schedule of reinforcement results in a quicker acquisition of behavior

A

continuous reinforcement

62
Q

this schedule of reinforcement has a slower acquisition process

A

partial reinforcement

63
Q

concepts within schedules: means the same/constant

A

fixed

64
Q

concepts within schedules: means changes

A

variable

65
Q

concepts within schedules: refers to number of responses

A

ratio

66
Q

concepts within schedules; refers to time

A

interval

Mrs.Ceh's Psychology Class (9 decks)

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