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Anatomy > Review > Flashcards

Review Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristics of a living organism

A

Metabolism, evolution, reproduction, development

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2
Q

Negative feedback

A

Reversal of a change
Ex homeostasis

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3
Q

Positive feedback

A

Amplifying cycle
Ex contractions during birth

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4
Q

Isotopes

A

Different in amount of neutrons
Protons stay the same

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5
Q

Isomers

A

Molecules with identical molecular formula, but different structural arrangement

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6
Q

High H+

A

More acidic, lower pH

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7
Q

Buffer

A

Keeps pH stable

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8
Q

Protein

A

Catalyze reaction acts like channels

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9
Q

Peptides

A

Name for the number of amino acids they contain

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10
Q

Oligopeptides

A

Between three and 15 amino acids

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11
Q

Polypeptides

A

Between 15 and 50 amino acids

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12
Q

Proteins (amino acids count)

A

Order 50 amino acid

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13
Q

Conformation (shape)

A

Unique, three dimensional shape of a protein

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14
Q

Denaturation

A

Extreme confirmational change that destroys function

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15
Q

Primary structure

A

Simple sequence of amino acids

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16
Q

Secondary structure

A

Coiled or folded shape

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17
Q

Tertiary structure

A

Further, bending and folding into various globular or fibroid shapes

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18
Q

Quaternary structure

A

Association of two more polypeptide protein chains

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19
Q

Integral transmembrane protein

A

Regenerate the memory and past due completely

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20
Q

Peripheral proteins

A

Adhere to one side of the membrane, usually tether to the cytoskeleton

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21
Q

Ligand gated channel

A

Respond to chemicals

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22
Q

Voltage gated channel

A

Response to charge differences

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23
Q

Mechanically regulated gates

A

response to stretch or pressure

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24
Q

Passive mechanism or transport that requires no ATP

A

Filtration, diffusion and osmosis

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25
Q

Active mechanism consume ATP?

A

Active transport, vascular transport, sodium potassium pump

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26
Q

Osmolality

A

Number of Osmoles (dissolved particles) per liters of the solution

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27
Q

Tonicity

A

How a solution effects a cells fluid volume and pressure

28
Q

Hypotonic solution

A

Cell absorbs water and swell

29
Q

Hypertonic solution

A

So loses water and shrivel

30
Q

Uniport

A

Carries only one type of solute

31
Q

Symport

A

Carries two or more solutes simultaneously in the same direction

32
Q

Antiport

A

Carries 2 or more solutes in opposite directions

33
Q

Nucleus

A

Store sell DNA

34
Q

Mitochondria

A

Produces energy ( ATP)

35
Q

Ribosomes

A

Responsible for protein synthesis

36
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins received from the ER into vesicles for transport

37
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins received from the ER into vesicles for transport

38
Q

Lysosomes

A

Cell suicide

39
Q

Peroxisome

A

Kills toxins consumed

40
Q

Chromatin

A

Fine filamentous DNA material complexed with histone proteins

41
Q

Histones

A

Proteins crucial for packaging DNA into the nucleus

42
Q

Translation

A

mRNA codes for protein cytoplasm

43
Q

RNA polymerase

A

Enzyme dies the DNA and opens the double helix reach bases from 1 trillion to DNA to build a complementary strain of DNA

Open read copy and paste

44
Q

Pre-mRNA

A

Immature RNA produced by transcription

45
Q

Exon

A

Codes for protein

46
Q

Intron

A

Segments that must be removed before translation removed by splicing

47
Q

Three parts of translation

A

Messenger RNA
Transfer RNA
Ribosomes

48
Q

mRNA in translation

A

Contains codon the tRNA can read to add correct amino acids

49
Q

tRNA in translation

A

Contains anticodon, complementary to the mRNA codon

50
Q

Ribosomes in translation

A

Build a peptide chain

51
Q

DNA replication 4 steps

A

Unwinding
Unzipping
Building
Repackaging

52
Q

DNA damage response

A

Mechanism to correct replication errors

53
Q

DNA damage response

A

Mechanism to correct replication errors

54
Q

Mutations

A

Changes in DNA structure from incorrect replication errors

55
Q

G1

A

Cells grows

56
Q

Synthesis

A

Cell replicates

57
Q

G2

A

Cell grows and repairs errors

58
Q

Prophase

A

Genetic material condenses

59
Q

Metaphase

A

Chromosomes align along the midline

60
Q

Anaphase

A

Daughter chromosomes pull apart to opposite sides

61
Q

Telophase

A

Nuclear envelope reforms chromosomes, uncoil to chromatin

62
Q

Cytokinesis

A

Division of the cytoplasm

63
Q

Cytokinesis

A

Division of the cytoplasm

64
Q

Diploid

A

Any cell with 23 paired chromosome 46 total

65
Q

Haploid

A

Contains 23 unpaired chromosomes

Anatomy (16 decks)

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