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Review Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristics of a living organism

A

Metabolism, evolution, reproduction, development

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2
Q

Negative feedback

A

Reversal of a change
Ex homeostasis

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3
Q

Positive feedback

A

Amplifying cycle
Ex contractions during birth

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4
Q

Isotopes

A

Different in amount of neutrons
Protons stay the same

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5
Q

Isomers

A

Molecules with identical molecular formula, but different structural arrangement

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6
Q

High H+

A

More acidic, lower pH

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7
Q

Buffer

A

Keeps pH stable

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8
Q

Protein

A

Catalyze reaction acts like channels

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9
Q

Peptides

A

Name for the number of amino acids they contain

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10
Q

Oligopeptides

A

Between three and 15 amino acids

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11
Q

Polypeptides

A

Between 15 and 50 amino acids

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12
Q

Proteins (amino acids count)

A

Order 50 amino acid

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13
Q

Conformation (shape)

A

Unique, three dimensional shape of a protein

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14
Q

Denaturation

A

Extreme confirmational change that destroys function

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15
Q

Primary structure

A

Simple sequence of amino acids

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16
Q

Secondary structure

A

Coiled or folded shape

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17
Q

Tertiary structure

A

Further, bending and folding into various globular or fibroid shapes

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18
Q

Quaternary structure

A

Association of two more polypeptide protein chains

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19
Q

Integral transmembrane protein

A

Regenerate the memory and past due completely

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20
Q

Peripheral proteins

A

Adhere to one side of the membrane, usually tether to the cytoskeleton

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21
Q

Ligand gated channel

A

Respond to chemicals

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22
Q

Voltage gated channel

A

Response to charge differences

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23
Q

Mechanically regulated gates

A

response to stretch or pressure

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24
Q

Passive mechanism or transport that requires no ATP

A

Filtration, diffusion and osmosis

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25
Active mechanism consume ATP?
Active transport, vascular transport, sodium potassium pump
26
Osmolality
Number of Osmoles (dissolved particles) per liters of the solution
27
Tonicity
How a solution effects a cells fluid volume and pressure
28
Hypotonic solution
Cell absorbs water and swell
29
Hypertonic solution
So loses water and shrivel
30
Uniport
Carries only one type of solute
31
Symport
Carries two or more solutes simultaneously in the same direction
32
Antiport
Carries 2 or more solutes in opposite directions
33
Nucleus
Store sell DNA
34
Mitochondria
Produces energy ( ATP)
35
Ribosomes
Responsible for protein synthesis
36
Golgi apparatus
Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins received from the ER into vesicles for transport
37
Golgi apparatus
Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins received from the ER into vesicles for transport
38
Lysosomes
Cell suicide
39
Peroxisome
Kills toxins consumed
40
Chromatin
Fine filamentous DNA material complexed with histone proteins
41
Histones
Proteins crucial for packaging DNA into the nucleus
42
Translation
mRNA codes for protein cytoplasm
43
RNA polymerase
Enzyme dies the DNA and opens the double helix reach bases from 1 trillion to DNA to build a complementary strain of DNA Open read copy and paste
44
Pre-mRNA
Immature RNA produced by transcription
45
Exon
Codes for protein
46
Intron
Segments that must be removed before translation removed by splicing
47
Three parts of translation
Messenger RNA Transfer RNA Ribosomes
48
mRNA in translation
Contains codon the tRNA can read to add correct amino acids
49
tRNA in translation
Contains anticodon, complementary to the mRNA codon
50
Ribosomes in translation
Build a peptide chain
51
DNA replication 4 steps
Unwinding Unzipping Building Repackaging
52
DNA damage response
Mechanism to correct replication errors
53
DNA damage response
Mechanism to correct replication errors
54
Mutations
Changes in DNA structure from incorrect replication errors
55
G1
Cells grows
56
Synthesis
Cell replicates
57
G2
Cell grows and repairs errors
58
Prophase
Genetic material condenses
59
Metaphase
Chromosomes align along the midline
60
Anaphase
Daughter chromosomes pull apart to opposite sides
61
Telophase
Nuclear envelope reforms chromosomes, uncoil to chromatin
62
Cytokinesis
Division of the cytoplasm
63
Cytokinesis
Division of the cytoplasm
64
Diploid
Any cell with 23 paired chromosome 46 total
65
Haploid
Contains 23 unpaired chromosomes

Anatomy (16 decks)

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