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RADT A161 - Phys. 1 > Review > Flashcards

Review Flashcards

1
Q

Radiation is defined as:

A

energy in the form of waves sent out over a distance

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2
Q

When a neutral atom gains or loses an electron, the atom is said to be:

A

ionized

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3
Q

What is defined as a charged particle?

A

An ion

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4
Q

Which of the following is an ionizing radiation?

A

x-ray

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5
Q

X-rays are what form of ionizing radiation?

A

Electromagnetic

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6
Q

X-ray wavelength is ___ proportional to frequency

A

inversely

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7
Q

X-rays are considered ___: photons of many different energies

A

heterogeneous

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8
Q

X-ray energies are ______ related to their wavelength.

A

inversely

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9
Q

Which of the following is a characteristic of x-rays?
-capable of producing harmful effects
-capable of penetrating matter
-electrically neutral
-have no mass
-all of the above

A

all of the above

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10
Q

The property of x-rays that accounts for their effect on biological systems is that they:

A

cause ionization in matter

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11
Q

What is the primary beam made of?

A

Photons

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12
Q

What is remnant radiation?

A

X rays that pass through the patient and interact with image receptor

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13
Q

What is electromagnetic energy attenuation?

A

It is the reduction in intensity that is the result of absorption and scattering

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14
Q

Energy of a photon is directly proportional to what other characteristic of a sine wave?

A

The photon’s frequency

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15
Q

Which type of atom, bone or soft tissue, is more likely to have a photoelectric interaction with the incident photons? Why?

A

Bone: incident photons are more likely to be absorbed

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16
Q

What do the effects of photoelectric events look like on a diagnostic image?

A

Photoelectric events correspond to a light or white shade on the image

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17
Q

T/.F: Photoelectric events are important because they contribute to the contrast of our images.

A

True

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18
Q

What are the most important characteristics of image quality?

A

Spatial resolution
Contrast resolution

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19
Q

The ability to image similar tissue and be able to distinguish between them; variation in grayscale. Best measures the visibility of image detail

A

Contrast resolution

20
Q

Imaging small objects with high subject contrast; best measures the sharpness of image detail

A

Spatial resolution

21
Q

Spatial resolution can also be called what?

A

Image detail/Recorded detail

22
Q

If you want to get sharpness of image detail you should do what 3 things?

A

-Smallest focal spot
-Longest SID
-Anatomy as close to the IR as possible

23
Q

A random fluctuation in the OD of the image.

A

Noise

24
Q

Quantum mottle is a form of what?

A

Noise

25
Q

What is most detrimental to recorded detail?

A

Motion

26
Q

What are some ways to reduce motion blur?

A

-use shortest exposure time
-provide clear instructions

27
Q

If you have increased image blur (or noise) you have reduced ___________?

A

Spatial resolution

28
Q

What type of relationship does focal spot size and focal spot blur have?

A

Direct

29
Q

As focal spot size increases what happens to recorded detail?

A

Decreases (inverse relationship)

30
Q

To produce a change of OD you must adjust which controlling factor?

A

mAs

31
Q

What does mAS control inside the x-ray tube?

A

Quantity; # of electrons boiled off of the filament

32
Q

This law states that density is proportional to the total energy imparted onto the IR.Or, as long as mAs stays the same, a change in mA or time will not effect the OD.

A

Reciprocity law

33
Q

Why is kVp a secondary or influencing factor of OD?

A

kVp = the amount of electron kinetic energy

34
Q

What is the controlling factor for radiographic contrast?

A

kVp

35
Q

Which kVp setting (high/low) will produce long scale, low contrast?

A

High kVp

36
Q

What type of distortion is magnification?

A

Size distortion

37
Q

How is size distortion (aka magnification) best reduced?

A

Increasing the SID and decreasing OID

38
Q

How does SID and OID affect recorded detail?

A

The longer the SID and the shorter the OID = sharper image detail

39
Q

Which will increase radiographic magnification more: Increasing OID or decreasing SID?

A

Increasing OID

40
Q

Improper alignment of the patient, x-ray tube and IR results in ______?

A

Shape distortion

41
Q

If there is an issue with alignment of the body part and IR, size distortion is classified as either _____ or _____.

A

Foreshortening or elongation

42
Q

What can be used to assist the radiologic technologist in limiting superimposition?

A

Oblique positions and axial projections

43
Q

Brightness in digital imaging is the equivalent of describing ________ in analog (screen film) imaging.

A

Optical density

44
Q

What is collimation? And why is collimation important?

A

The action of narrowing the x-ray beam; reduces patient radiation dose and increases image quality

45
Q

Which imaging technique factor corresponds with patient dose?

A

mAs

RADT A161 - Phys. 1 (14 decks)

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