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RADT A161 - Phys. 1 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

T/F: Tungsten is used in both the anode and the cathode

A

True

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2
Q

What are some of the reasons for the use of tungsten in the design of the x-ray tube?

A

-High atomic number
-Good thermal conductivity

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3
Q

Which of the following help to increase heat capacity of an x-ray tube?
-small actual focal spot
-rotating anode
-large actual focal spot
-small the target angle

A

-rotating anode
-large actual focal spot

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4
Q

Flow of electrons

A

actual focal spot

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5
Q

contains the target

A

anode

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6
Q

flow of photons

A

effective focal spot

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7
Q

equal intensity in all directions

A

isotropically

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8
Q

concept that although x-ray photons exist as waves, they exhibit properties of particles

A

wave particle duality

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9
Q

consists of protons and neutrons

A

nucleus

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10
Q

distance between the peaks of waves

A

wavelength

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11
Q

energy that passes from one location to another

A

radiation

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12
Q

smallest amount of any type of electromagnetic radiation

A

photon

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13
Q

a neutral atom that gains or loses an electron

A

ion

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14
Q

building blocks of all matter

A

atoms

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15
Q

circle the nucleus in orbits called shells

A

electrons

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16
Q

electromagnetic radiation produced in the nucleus of radioactive atoms

A

gamma rays

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17
Q

electromagnetic radiation that is able to remove an electron from an atom

A

ionizing radiation

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18
Q

equals the number of protons in the nucleus; determines the chemical element

A

atomic number

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19
Q

force that holds electrons in orbit around the nucleus

A

binding energy

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20
Q

inner most electron shell

A

K-shell

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21
Q

number of protons plus number of neutrons; represented by the letter A

A

atomis mass

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22
Q

number of wavelengths passing a given point per unit time

A

frequency

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23
Q

a single unit of electromagnetic radiation

A

photon

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24
Q

distance from one peak to another peak

A

wavelength

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25
Q

A constant value for all electromagnetic radiation

A

velocity

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26
Q

number of valleys that pass per second

A

frequency

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27
Q

X-ray’s behave like particles and move as photons. This is known as the:

A

wave-particle duality

28
Q

Electrons carry a negative charge and repel one another. They form a cloud around the filament called the:

A

space charge

29
Q

X-rays with greater energy have a shorter ______ and are more penetrating.

A

wavelength

30
Q

which wave characteristic refers to the height of a wave

A

amplitude

31
Q

which term is used to denote the decreased x-ray intensity at the anode end of the x-ray tube?

A

Heel effect

32
Q

which term defines the emission of x-rays with equal intensity in all directions?

A

isotropically

33
Q

Which of the following on the electromagnetic spectrum have the ability to ionize matter?
(1) Infrared
(2) Radiofrequencies
(3) X-rays
(4) Gamma rays

A

3 and 4

34
Q

what describes an atom that has lost one or more of its electrons?

A

ion

35
Q

which of the following are considered to be basic properties of x-rays?
1. highly penetrating; invisible
2. has no mass
3. travels at the speed of sound
4. does not has the ability to interact with an atom

A

1 and 2

36
Q

which is part of the cathode?
-Stator
-Target
-Filament
-Window

A

Filament

37
Q

Which end of the electromagnetic spectrum is more likely to exhibit more of the characteristics of waves?

A

Low end

38
Q

what is the velocity of electromagnetic radiation?

A

speed of light

39
Q

what is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the P shell?

A

72

40
Q

What is the force that keep electrons in orbit?

A

Binding energy

41
Q

What are the two principal classes of ionizing radiation?

A

electromagnetic and particulate

42
Q

Are wavelengths inversely or directly proportional to frequency?

A

inversely

43
Q

Is wavelength a characteristic of waves or particles?

A

Waves

44
Q

Tungsten is the principle material used in the formation of the
-target of a rotating anode
-target of a stationary anode
-x-ray tube filament
-all of the above

A

all of the above

45
Q

the negative side of an x-ray tube is commonly called the:

A

filament/cathode

46
Q

The heating of the filament in a x-ray tube results in the liberation of electrons by a process termed:

A

thermionic emission

47
Q

the purpose of the glass enclosure around the x-ray tube:

A

maintains a vacuum

48
Q

The anode angle is used to reduce the effective focal spot size in relation to the actual focal spot size. This is called the:

A

line focus principle

49
Q

The _________ is the portion of the x-ray tube that contains the filament.

A

cathode

50
Q

surrounding the x-ray tube and lined with lead is the:

A

tube housing

51
Q

narrowing the thermionic cloud as it is driven toward the anode is the purpose of the:

A

focusing cup

52
Q

in a sine wave, the distance from one peak to another is called the:

A

wavelength

53
Q

If a wavelength increases, what happens to its frequency?

A

it decreases

54
Q

If an atom has more negative charges than positive charges it is said to be a:

A

negative ion

55
Q

If an atom had six protons and five electrons, what would its net charge be?

A

Positive

56
Q

Free electrons for x-ray production come from the:

A

filament

57
Q

Electromagnetic radiation varies in terms of its:
(1) Wavelength
(2) Frequency
(3) Velocity (speed)

A

1 and 2

58
Q

Electromagnetic energy includes what types of disturbances in space?
(1) Electric
(2) Magnetic
(3) Mechanical

A

1 and 2

59
Q

All of the following are true about the electron except:
-It has one unit of negative charge.
-It is free to travel from one atoms outermost shell to another.
-It is fixed inside the atoms nucleus unable to move.
-It exists as the smallest unit of charge.

A

It is fixed inside the atoms nucleus unable to move.

60
Q

the electrons that are traveling from the cathode to the target are called:

A

projectile/incident electrons

61
Q

An X-ray tube __________ releases electrons when it is heated. When the current through the __________ is sufficiently high, the outer-shell electrons of the __________ atoms are “boiled off” and ejected from the __________. This is also known as thermionic emission.

A

Filament

62
Q

Because of the angled anode target, the radiation intensity is greater on the cathode side of the x-ray field than the anode side. What is this called?

A

Anode heel affect

63
Q

what focuses the flow of electrons from the Cathode to the Anode target?

A

focusing cup

64
Q

Why is the glass enclosure made of Pyrex glass?

A

to withstand high temperatures

65
Q

What are x-rays called that escape through the protective housing?

A

Leakage radiation

RADT A161 - Phys. 1 (14 decks)

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