Chapter 2: The Atom Flashcards
Electrons orbit [d] around the nucleus.
three-dimensionally
[x] occurs when one atom gives up an electron and becomes positively charged and another atom takes on that electron, acquiring a negative charge. [y] occurs two atoms share electrons that then orbit both nuclei, completing the outermost shell of each.
ionic bond; covalent bond
In [x] it is the difference in charge that bonds the two atoms together.
an ionic bond
The electron cloud has a radius [c] times greater than the nucleus
10,000
one proton is about [r] more massive than an electron
1,800 times
Elements [t] of substances that compose matter
are the simplest forms
Elements are arranged in the Periodic Table of the Elements in order of [q] atomic number.
increasing
Two or more atoms bonded together:
molecule
a combination of elements bonded together:
compound
elements whose atoms have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.
isotope
elements whose atoms have the same number of neutrons but a different number of protons.
isotone
elements whose atoms have a different number of protons but the same total number of protons and neutrons (atomic mass number).
isobar
elements whose atoms have the same number of protons and neutrons but with different amounts of energy within their nuclei; vary in the amount of energy within the nuclei because of differences in how the protons and neutrons are arranged.
isomer
located in the nucleus; have a positive charge
proton
located in the nucleus have no charge
neutron
located in the orbital shells; have a negative charge
electron
Which shell has the least amount of electron binding energy? K, L, M ,or N
N
Which particle has no charge?
Neutron
Which electron shell is closest to the nucleus? K, L, M, or N
K
What kind of energy represents the strength of attachment between the orbiting electrons and the nucleus?
electron binding energies
What is the difference between an electron in the K shell and an electron in the M shell?
their binding energy
The electron-binding energy depends on:
How close the electron is to the nucleus and
How many protons are in the atom
What is the dense center of the atom called?
Nucleus
If a stable atom contains 28 protons, the atom will have ____ electrons.
28
How many electrons will the N shell (it is the 4th shell out of 7) have?
32
An atom with more electrons than protons will have what charge?
Negative
All of the following fundamental particles are located in the nucleus except:
Electrons
An atom with an electric charge is referred to as a/an:
ion
T/F: Virtually all the mass of an atom resides in its nucleus.
True
