review

Question 1

CHNOPS:

Answer 1

Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur

Question 2

5 molecular compositions

Answer 2

1. water: cell mass
2. sugar: carbs
3. fat: lipids
4. nucleus acids: rna + dna
5. amino acids: proteins

Question 3

trna:

Answer 3

tiny rna strands, they hold amino acids, string together and create proteins

Question 4

what’s a ribosome

Answer 4

it grabs trna that compliments rna, slides and removes amino acids and attaches to next rna
LIKE A SLUG!!

Question 5

prokaryotic cells vs eukaryotic

Answer 5

prokaryotic: long dna, rna floating in cytoplasm, has ribosomes

eukaryotic: has a mitochondria and nucleus

Question 6

cations, monovalent and divalent
anions, movovalent

Answer 6

postive charged, sodium/potassium
( monovalent)
calcium/ magnesium (divalent)

negative charged, chloride (monovalent)

Question 7

depolarization vs hyperpolarization

Answer 7

de: less negative (-70 to -60)

hyper: more negative (-60 to -70)

Question 8

ratio of k+ and Na+

Answer 8

potassium: 30x more in than out

sodium: 15x more out than in

Question 9

3 neuroglia

Answer 9

1. astrocytes: clean, provide nutrients and support
2. migroglia: immune system, protection
3. oligodendrocytes: myelin sheath

Question 10

pre synaptic membrane
post synaptic membrane

Answer 10

pre: neutrons otter is released from

post: receives signal, cell responds with hyper or depolarization

Question 11

ionotropic
metabotropic

Answer 11

ion: ion channels
meta: g protein receptors that open ion channels

Question 12

ligand:

Answer 12

they bind to receptor proteins

Question 13

excitatory:
inhibitory:

Answer 13

sodium ions depolarize the cell (+)

chloride ions hyperpolarize the cell (-)

Question 14

g proteins:

Answer 14

use gtp instead of atp

Question 15

axoaxonic synapses

Answer 15

regulate the amount of neurotransmitters second neuron will release with action potential

Question 16

inhibition vs facilitation

Answer 16

inhibition: hyperbolize axon
(nono calcium open)

facilitation: depolarize axon (yes yes calcium open)

Question 17

central nervous system vs peripheral nervous system

Answer 17

CNS: brain + spinal cord

PNS: everything else

Question 18

efferent vs afferent

Answer 18

efferent: fibres bring info away from CNS, contractions and gland secretions

afferent: bring info towards CNS, detect changes in external environment

Question 19

forebrain

Answer 19

-hypothalamus
-thalamus
- cerebral cortex
-basal ganglia
-limbic system

Question 20

midbrain:

Answer 20

tectum, tegmentum

Question 21

hindbrain

Answer 21

-medulla
-pons
-cerebellum

Question 22

frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, temporal lobe

Answer 22

frontal: movement
parietal: touch
occipital: vision
temporal: hearing

Question 23

glutamate vs gaba

Answer 23

glutamate: excitatory (sodium)
gaba: inhibitory (chloride)

Question 24

4 neuromodulators

Answer 24

• dopamine
  -norepinephrine
  -acetylcholine
  -serotonin

Question 25

agonist vs antagonist , direct or indirect

Answer 25

agonist: increase activity of post synaptic receptor

antagonist: decrease activity of postsynaptic receptor

direct: binding to it
indirect: binding indirectly