Review Flashcards
It is the grouping of objects or information based on similarities
Classification
The branch of biology that groupsand names organisms based on studies of their different characteristic
TAXONOMY
Lives in Harsh environments salty lakes, hot springs, anaerobic environments
Archaebacteria
Examples include: Euglena, Amoeba
Protista
Including: toadstools, mushrooms, puffballs, rusts or smut
Fungi
Includes common bacteria: tooth decay, yogurt production, food poisoning
Eubacteria
The animal-like protists
Protozoans
The plant-like protists
Algae
Protist are able to move at some point in their life and do not have chitin in their cell walls
Slime molds
slime molds
Phylum Acarsiomycota
plasomodial slime mold
Phylum myxomycota
pathogenic to plants potato blight, downey mildew
Phylum Oomycota
primarily aquatic Saprophytes and parasites
Phylum Chytridiomycota
Pseudopods moves W/ false feet, live on other protists
Phylum Sarcodina
Move w/flagella, transported by blood sucking insects.
Phylum zoomastiging
It moves w/cilia. Genus Paramecium most common.
Phylum Ciliphora
Green algae, mostly aquatic Ex: Ulva, Volvox
Phylum Chlorophyta
the spinning algae
Phylum Dinoflagellata
Red algae “seaweeds” mostly marine Ex. Corallina, Irish Moss
Phylum Rhodophyta
Brown algae Ex. Sargassum, Giant Kelp, mostly marine
Phylum Phaeophyta
Common bread mold Rhizopus stolonifer
Phylum Zygomycota
Used in the making of foods, such as soy sauce and some kinds of blue-veined cheese.
Phylum Deuteromycota
Sac fungi, traditional baker’s & brewer’s yeast
Phylum Ascomycota
Club fungi Mushrooms, puffballs
Phylum Basidiomycota
makes antibiotics
Cephalosporium
more rigid and provide lift to prevent sinking
fins of cartilaginous fish
are highly flexible and enable them to fly underwater
Fins in skates and rays
can inflict a painful stab wound…that can be fatal
Stingray barbs
An unusual cartilaginous fish - it uses the saw to stun and kill small fish in sand.
Sawfish
smallest shark
pigmy shark at 25 cm long.
largest shark
whale shark at over 45 feet long.
They both are filter feeders that consume enormous amounts of plankton as they swim near the surface with their mouths open.
Whale sharks and Basking Sharks
Generally friendly and hang out under reef ledges.
Leopard and nurse sharks
great white, bull shark, tiger shark, and hammerheads.
Dangerous sharks
large and oily to give the shark buoyancy. People use it for various medicinal purposes.
Shark liver
The Bony Fish
Osteichthyes
acts as a barrier to infection and allows them to move easily through the water.
Mucus
The scales can indicate the age of the fish - they have growth rings called
circuli
stabilize the fish.
The dorsal and anal fin
move the fish in all directions.
pectoral
creates vortices (swirling currents) that thrust the fish forward.
caudal fin
use their tails to grasp things and are often well camouflaged.
Sea horses
odd shape…looks like a sponge
Frog fish
can glide for more than 100 meters in distance and 10 meters above water
Flying fish
largest bony fish in the world (3 m long).
Mola mola
birds of prey
Falconiforms
grouse, pheasant, quail,and turkey;
Galliformes
pigeon, doves;
Columbioformes
cuckoos, roadrunners;
Cuculiformes
owls
Strigiformes
goatsuckers, nighthawks;
Caprimulgiformes
swifts, hummingbirds;
Apodiformes
kingfishers
Coraciformes
woodpeckers; and
Piciformes
songbirds
Passeriformes
include the upland game birds of turkey, quail, grouse, and pheasant.
Galliformes
which means heavy-bodied, mostly ground-feeding birds.
gallinaceous
include the lesser prairie chicken, the ruffed grouse, and others.
At first, agriculture benefited the grouse.
Grouse
Asiatic game birds that were imported for sport.
Pheasants
Their preferred habitat includes open grasslands and cropland areas with brushy cover nearby.
Pheasants
are pigeons and doves.
They are plump birds with small heads.
Columbiformes
adapted to human activity, but prefers open woodlands or edges between forests and prairies.
Mourning Dove
ranges from the southwestern United States through Mexico and South America.
It prefers tall mesquite and prickly-pear cactus near the Rio Grande.
White-winged Dove
terrestrial cuckoo that runs quite well.
Roadrunner
belong to the order Passerformes.
Songbirds or perching birds
excellent mimic and is the official state bird of Texas.
mockingbird
bright red with a red, conical beak.
They are common throughout Texas, except in the Panhandle.
Cardinal i
Its red breast easily identifies the
This is a familiar winter bird of Texas.
When on the ground, it can hop, walk, or run in search of earthworms.
American Robin
Modern Amphibia lacking dermal bony
skeleton. Teeth small, simple.
Lissamphibia
Ichthyophis, Uroaeotyphlus
Lissamphibia
Triton and Triturns (newts), Salamandra (salamander), Desmognathus, Amphiuma (congo eel), Plethodon.
Urodela or caudata
frogs and toads in 5 suborders.
Salientia or Anura
tuataras
Rhynchocephalia
Ectothermic
Lungs to breathe
3 or 4 chambered heart
No metamorphosis
Eggs have a leathery
shell to prevent
desiccation
Oviparous
Lizards began
diversifying at tim
when dinosaurs
were
near end of their
dominance
Squamata
Very diversified group
Terrestrial, burrowing
aquatic, arboreal,
aerial
- Many familiar groups
Lizards
toxic concentrations insaliva
Venom
blindness.
paralysis
Neurotoxic-
ruptures
blood vessels, cells
Hemolytic -
Very ancient group
Little change in
morphology since
Triassic period
Turtle chelonia
single species
in New Zealand
Lizard-like.
<66 cm
Lives in burrows
Slow-growing, long-
Tuatura
controlling metabolism & regulating heat loss
Endothermic
all mammals have it for insulation & protection
HAIR
secret milk for young
Mammary glands
muscle below lungs to aid in respiration
Diaphragm
give birth to live young that have developed in uterus. Nourished from placenta. The time of development in the uterus is gestation.
Placental mammals
mammals that reproduce by laying eggs
Monotremes
reptilian bone structure in shoulder area, lower body temp than most mammals, a mix of chromosome size
monotremes
Metatheria
marsupials
Eutheria
placentals
pouched animals with a short gestation period
marsupials
the only marsupial in N America
opossum
shrews, hedgehogs, moles
Order Insectivora
smallest mammals, pointed snouts, live underground, insect-eaters
Order Insectivora
Bats
Order Chiroptera
nocturnal, use sonar, adapted for flight, fruit and insect-eaters
Order Chiroptera
monkeys, apes, humans
Order Primates
binocular vision, large brains, most are tree-dwellers, opposable thumbs
Order Primates
anteaters, sloths, armadillos
Order Xenarthra
toothless or peg-like teeth, insect-eaters
Order Xenarthra
beavers, rats, woodchucks, marmots, squirrels, hamsters and gerbils
Order Rodentia
sharp incisor teeth, plant-eaters
Order Rodentia
back legs are longer than front, adapted to jumping, incisors continuously grow
Order Logomorpha
rabbits, pikas, hares
Order Logomorpha
dogs, cats, wolves, bears, seals, walruses, coyotes, skunks, otters, minks, weasles
Order Carnivora
teeth adapted to tear flesh, meat-eaters
Order Carnivora
long trunks, incisors become long tusks, largest land animal
Order Proboscidea
elephants
Order Proboscidea
manatees and dugongs
Order Sirenia
slow moving, big heads, no hind limbs
Order Sirenia
horses, zebras, rhinoceroses
Order Perissodactyla
hoofed, odd number of toes, plant-eaters
Order Perissodactyla
deer, antelope, cattle, sheep, pigs, goats, hippopotamus)
Order Artiodactyla
hoofed, even number of toes, plant-eaters that chew cud
Order Artiodactyla
whales, dolphins, porpoises
Order Cetacea
front limbs that are flippers, no hind limbs, nostril forms a blowhole
Order Cetacea
whisk ferns, lycophytes, horsetails, fern.
SEEDLESS VASCULAR PLANTS
liverworts, hornworts, mosses.
NON VASCULAR PLANTS
small, nonvascular, nonwoody.
BRYOPHYTES
cycadophyta, ginkophyta, coniferophyta, gnetophyta.
GYMNOSPERM
phylum pterophyta.
FERNS
phylum bryophyte.
MOSSES
division sphenophyta.
HORSETAIL
have hair or fur and produce milk.
MAMMALS
have a gizzard that holds small stones to help grind food.
BIRDS
have moist skin. Obtains oxygen though lungs and skin.
AMPHIBIANS
lay waterproof eggs on land. Skin is adapted to keep water in the body.
REPTILES
filter feed. Simplest animals, asymmetrical.
PORIFERA
HAVE FLAT WORM LIKE BODIES.
PLATYHELMINTHES
have hard spiny-skinned.
ECHINODERMATA
digestive cavity called a coelenterons. Radial symmetry.
CNIDARIA
have bodies made up of many linked sections.
ANNELIDA
jointed legged animals.
ARTHROPODA
soft bodies, some have a hard outer shell, foot for moving.
MOLLUSCA
digestive system is like a tube open at both ends.
NEMATODA
have five-seven pairs of legs.
CRUSTACEAN
have three pairs of legs.
INSECTA
have long thin bodies and pairs of legs.
CHILOPODA
have four pairs of legs.
ARACHNIDA
cartilaginous fish include the sharks, skates, and rays.
CHONDRICTHYES
sponges
porifera
jellyfish, sea anemone
cnidaria
planaria, fluke
platyhelminthes
pork worms, ascaris
nematode
earthworm, leeches
annelida
squid, clams, snails
mollusca
crabs, lobster, shrimps
crustaceans
bees, ants, cockroaches
insecta
scorpions, spiders, tick
arachnida
non flowering plants
gymnosperm
non vascular plant
bryophyta
flowering plants
angiosperm
vascular plants
tracheophyta
jawless fish
agnatha
frogs, toads, salamander
amphibian
turtles, snakes crocodiles
reptilia
dogs, cats, monkeys
mammals
ostrich, penguins, eagles
birds
