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Biology > Biomolocules In Life > Flashcards

Biomolocules In Life Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

DESPITE THE COMPLEXITY OF LIVING SYSTEMS , CHEMICAL SUBSTANCE IN THE BODY CAN BE EXAMINED

A

BIOCHEMISTRY

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2
Q

LIVING CELLS IS PRIMARILY COMPOSED OF COMPLEX SYSTEM OF DIFFERENT COMPOUNDS AND THESE ARE GROUPED INTO TWO CATEGORIES

A

INORGANIC AND ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

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3
Q

NO ORGANISM CAN LIVE WITHOUT

A

WATER

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4
Q

LIVING ORGANISM CONTAIN BETWEEN _______ WATER

A

45 TO 95 PERCENT

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5
Q

THE MOST ABUNDANT INORGANIC COMPOUND INSIDE THE CELLS PROTOPLASM

A

WATER

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6
Q

FUNCTIONS IN THE LIVING SYSTEM OF WATER

A

WATER IS A BIOLOGICAL SOLVENT
WATER MOLECULES TICK TO EACH OTHER AND SURFACE
WATER HAS HIGH SURFACE TENSION
WATER HAS HIGH HEAT CAPACITY
WATER HAS HIGH HEAT VAPORIZATION
WATER HAS HIGH HEAT OF FUSION
WATER IS A MEDIUM WHERE CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROCESS TAKE PLACE
WATER SERVES AS MOISTURIZER OF SURFACES
WATER IS A LUBRICANT
WATER IS A GOOD CUSHION

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7
Q

OTHER INORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN THE BODY

A

ACIDS , BASE, SALT, BUFFER, ELECTROLYTES

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8
Q

THE MAIN INORGANIC COMPOUND IN THE LIVING BODY

A

WATER

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9
Q

OFTEN CALLED THE BUILDING BLOCK OF LIFE

A

CARBON

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10
Q

IS THE BASIS FORM FORMING THE STRUCTURES OF LIVING THINGS AND CARRIES OUT THE MOST LIFE’S FUNCTIONS

A

CARBON

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11
Q

THE CARBON-CONTAINING MOLECULES ARE

A

ORGANIC COMPOUND

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12
Q

ORGANIC COMPOUNDS SOMETIMES REFERRED TO AS

A

MACROMOLECULES

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13
Q

MACROMOLECULES ARE COMPOSED OF SUBUNITS CALLED

A

MONOMER

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14
Q

MONOMERS LINKED TOGETHER WILL FORM COMPLEX MOLECULES CALLED

A

POLYMERS

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15
Q

MONOMERS FORMED INTO POLYMERS BY MEANS OF THE PROCESS CALLED

A

DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS

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16
Q

POLYMERS DISASSEMBLED BY MEANS OF THE PROCESS

A

HYDROLYSIS REACTION

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17
Q

MONOMERS

A

SIMPLE SUGAR, AMINO ACIDS, FATTY ACIDS , NUCLEOTIDES

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18
Q

POLYMERS

A

CARBOHYDRATES, PROTEINS, LIPIDS, NUCLEIC ACIDS

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19
Q

COMPOSED OF THE ELEMENTS C,H, AND O

A

CARBOHYDRATES

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20
Q

THESE ARE ORGANIC COMPOUND THAT SERVE AS THE MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY IN ALL ORGANISMS

A

CARBOHYDRATES

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21
Q

SERVE AS THE STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS OF THE LIVING CELL

A

CARBOHYDRATES

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22
Q

CARBOHYDRATES CLASSIFIES INTO

A

MONOSACCHARIDES , DISACCHARIDES , POLYSACCHARIDES

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23
Q

KNOWN AS THE SIMPLE SUGAR

A

MONOSACCHARIDES

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24
Q

IDENTIFIED BASED ON THE NUMBERS OF CARBON ATOMS

A

MONOSACCHARIDES

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25
Q

3 CARBON ATOMS

A

TRIOSE

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26
Q

5 CARBON ATOMS

A

PENTOSE

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27
Q

6 CARBON ATOMS

A

HEXOSES

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28
Q

SOME SIMPLE SUGARS ARE

A

FRUCTOSE , GLUCOSE , GALACTOSE

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29
Q

FRUIT SUGAR , SWEETEST SUGAR IN FRUITS

A

FRUCTOSE

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30
Q

DEXTROSE/BLOOD SUGAR

A

GLUCOSE AND GALACTOSE

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31
Q

MAKES THE BACKBONE OF RNA AND DNA

A

MONOSACCHARIDES

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32
Q

RNA

A

RIBOSE

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33
Q

DNA

A

DEOXYRIBOSE

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34
Q

KNOWN AS THE COMPLEX SUGARS CONSISTS OF TWO MOLECULES OF MONOSACCHARIDES

A

DISACCHARIDES

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35
Q

SOME DISACCHARIDES ARE

A

SUCROSE , MALTOSE. LACTOSE

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36
Q

MILK SUGAR

A

LACTOSE

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37
Q

MALT SUGAR FOUND IN MALTED CEREALS AND GRAIN

A

MALTOSE

38
Q

COMMON SUGAR TABLE / FOUND IN SUGAR CANE , SUGAR BEETS , CARROTS , AND OTHER SWEET FRUITS

A

SUCROSE

39
Q

KNOWN AS THE COMPLEX SUGARS CONSIST OF TWO OR MORE MOLECULES OF MONASACCHARIDES

A

POLYSACCHARIDES

40
Q

CAPABLE OF ACTING AS ENERGY STORAGE OR STRUCTURAL MOLECULES AS PARTS OF THE CELL STRUCTURES

A

POLYSACCHARIDES

41
Q

COMMON EXAMPLE OF POLYSACCHARIDES

A

STARCH AND GLYCOGEN
CHITIN AND CELLULOSE

42
Q

STORAGE POLYSACCHARIDES

A

STARCH AMD GLYCOGEN

43
Q

STRUCTURAL POLYSACCHARIDES

A

CHITIN AND CELLULOSE

44
Q

FOUND IN POTATO , CASSAVA , CORN AND CEREALS

A

STARCH

45
Q

IS A STORAGE CARBOHYDRATE IN ANIMALS WHICH ACCUMULATES IN THE LIVER AND MUSCLE CELLS

A

GLYCOGEN

46
Q

IS A STRUCTURAL POLYSACCHARIDE FOUND IN PLANT CELL WALLS WHICH FUNCTION FOR SUPPORTS AND PROTECTION FOR PLANTS

A

CELLULOSE

47
Q

IS THE STRUCTURAL POLYSACCHARIDE FOUND IN PLANT CELL WALLS WHICH FUNCTION FOR SUPPORTS AND PROTECTION FOR PLANTS

A

CELLULOSE

48
Q

IS FOUND IN THE OUTER COVERINGS OF CRUSTACEANS AND INSECTS WHICH FUNCTION FOR PROTECTION AND SUPPORT

A

CHITIN

49
Q

COMPOSED OF THE ELEMENTS C,H,O,N,AND S

A

PROTEINS

50
Q

THESE ARE THE MOSET ABUNDANT ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN LIVING ORGANISM THAT ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR 15% OF THE BODY DRY WEIGHT

A

PROTEIN

51
Q

THE BUILDING BLOCK OF PROTEIN

A

AMINO ACIDS

52
Q

DIFFERENT COMBINATION OF THE ____ AMINO ACIDS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE VARIETY OF PROTEINS IN LIVING ORGANISM

A

20

53
Q

YOUR BODY IS CAPABLE OF PRODUCING ABOUT _____ AMINO ACIDS TO FORM PROTEIN

A

12

54
Q

AMINO ACIDS THAT ARE NOT PRESENT IN OUR BODY KNOWN AS THE

A

ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS

55
Q

FOUND OR OBTAINED BY OUR BODY FROM ANIMAL AND PLANT SOURCES

A

PROTEINS

56
Q

IMPORTANT IN PROVIDING OUR BODY WITH ADEQUATE AMOUNT OF 20 AMINO ACIDS

A

BALANCED DIET

57
Q

THESE AMINO ACIDS ARE USED BY OUR BODY FOR GROWTH AND MAINTENANCE

A

PROTEINS

58
Q

SIMPLE MAMMALIAN MAY CONTAIN __________ DIFFERENT KINDS OF PROTEINS

A

10,000

59
Q

PROTEIN FORM THE PARTS OF CELLS AND TISSUES SUCH AS THE KERATIN AND COLLAGEN

A

STRUCTURAL PROTEINS

60
Q

ENZYMES CATALYZE OR SPEED UP CHEMICAL REACTIONS WITHOUT BEING CHEMICALLY CHANGED

A

ENZYMATIC PROTEINS

61
Q

EXAMPLE IS THE HEMOGLOBIN IN RBC

A

TRANSPORT PROTEINS

62
Q

ANTIBODIES

A

DEFENSE PROTEINS

63
Q

PRODUCED BY A SPECIFIC TYPE OF WBC CALLED B LYMPHOCYTES IN RESPONSE TO THE PRESENCE OF A FOREIGN SUBSTANCE IN THE BODY CALLED ANITIGEN

A

ANTIBODIES

64
Q

PRODUCED BY A SPECIFIC TYPE OF WBC

A

B LYMPHOCYTES

65
Q

FOREIGN SUBSTANCE IN OUR BODY

A

ANTIGEN

66
Q

HORMONES ARE SIGNAL PROTEINS THAT REGULATE BODY FUNCTIONS

A

REGULATORY OR SIGNAL PROTEINS

67
Q

FOUND IN THE MUSCLE CELLS TO ALLOW MOVEMENT AND CAUSE MUCLE CONTRACTION

A

CONTRACTILE PROTEINS

68
Q

COMPOSED OF THE ELEMENTS C,H, AND O

A

LIPIDS

69
Q

THESE ARE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS SUBSTANCES THAT INCLUDE FATS AND FAT-LIKE SUBSTANCES SUCH AS PHOSPHOLIPID, WAX AND STEROID

A

LIPIDS

70
Q

FUNCTIONS OF LIPID

A

PREVENT WATER LOSS FROM SURFACE SKIN
MAKES STRUCTURES OF THE CELL MEMBRANE
INSULATING MATERIAL TO PREVENT HEAT LOSS AND PROTECTION AGAINST EXTREME COLD
SOURCE OF STORAGE ENERGY

71
Q

SOLID AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

A

SATURATED FATTY ACIDS

72
Q

MOSTLY FOUND IN ANIMALS

A

SATURATED FATTY ACIDS

73
Q

EXAMPLE MARGARINE AND BUTTER

A

SATURATED FATTY ACIDS

74
Q

LIQUID AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

A

UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS

75
Q

MOSTLY FOUND IN PLANTS

A

UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS

76
Q

EXAMPLE ARE VEGETABLE OIL AND CORN OIL

A

UNSATURATED FATTY CELLS

77
Q

ARE IMPORTANT COMPONENTS OF CELL MEMBRANES

A

PHOSPHOLIPIDS

78
Q

LIPIDS WHICH ARE IMPORTANT COMPONENTS OF MANY ORGANISM

A

WAXES

79
Q

FOUND AS A CUTICLE COVERING SURFACE OF LEAVES AND STEM PLANTS AND PROTECTIVE COVERING ON THE SKIN AND FUR OF SOME ANIMALS

A

WAXES

80
Q

ARE LIPIDS WITH A CARBON SKELETON OF DOUR FUSED RINGS

A

STEROIDS

81
Q

KNOWN AS THE BLOOD FATS

A

TRIGLYCERIDES

82
Q

CIRCULATE IN THE BLOODSTREAM ALONG WITH THE CHOLESTEROL

A

TRIGLYCERIDES

83
Q

FOUND IN THE BRAIN ,LMGS AND NERVE TISSUES

A

SPHINGOLIPIDS

84
Q

SERVES AS SURFACTANTS THAT HELP REDUCE TENSION ON THE LUNGS

A

SPHINGOLIPIDS

85
Q

ORGANIC COMPOUNDS THAT FUNCTION FOR THE STORAGE OF GENETIC INFORMATION , WHICH IS TRANSMITTED FROM ONE GENERATION TO THE NEXT I ALL LIVING ORGANISM

A

NUCLEIC ACIDS

86
Q

IT IS THE PHYSICAL CARRIER OF INHERITANCE THAT IS PASSED FROM PARENTS TO OFFSPRING

A

NUCLEIC ACIDS

87
Q

FUNCTION FOR PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

A

NUCLEIC ACIDS

88
Q

BUILDING BLOCK IS NUCLEOTIDE

A

NUCLEIC ACIDS

89
Q

MADE UP. OF FIVE-CARBON SUGAR, PHOSPHATE GROUP AND NITROGEN BASE

A

NUCLEOTIDE

90
Q

NITROGENOUS BASE

A

GUANINE ,ADENINE, CYTOSINE , THYMINE AND URACIL

91
Q

NITROGENOUS BASE

A

NUCLEOTIDE

92
Q

THE STRUCTURE OF DNA IS A DOUBLE STRANDED HELIX MOLECULE WHICH IS FIRST DESCRIBED BY

A

JAMES WATSON AND FRANCIS CRICK

Biology (10 decks)

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