Biomolocules In Life Flashcards
DESPITE THE COMPLEXITY OF LIVING SYSTEMS , CHEMICAL SUBSTANCE IN THE BODY CAN BE EXAMINED
BIOCHEMISTRY
LIVING CELLS IS PRIMARILY COMPOSED OF COMPLEX SYSTEM OF DIFFERENT COMPOUNDS AND THESE ARE GROUPED INTO TWO CATEGORIES
INORGANIC AND ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
NO ORGANISM CAN LIVE WITHOUT
WATER
LIVING ORGANISM CONTAIN BETWEEN _______ WATER
45 TO 95 PERCENT
THE MOST ABUNDANT INORGANIC COMPOUND INSIDE THE CELLS PROTOPLASM
WATER
FUNCTIONS IN THE LIVING SYSTEM OF WATER
WATER IS A BIOLOGICAL SOLVENT
WATER MOLECULES TICK TO EACH OTHER AND SURFACE
WATER HAS HIGH SURFACE TENSION
WATER HAS HIGH HEAT CAPACITY
WATER HAS HIGH HEAT VAPORIZATION
WATER HAS HIGH HEAT OF FUSION
WATER IS A MEDIUM WHERE CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROCESS TAKE PLACE
WATER SERVES AS MOISTURIZER OF SURFACES
WATER IS A LUBRICANT
WATER IS A GOOD CUSHION
OTHER INORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN THE BODY
ACIDS , BASE, SALT, BUFFER, ELECTROLYTES
THE MAIN INORGANIC COMPOUND IN THE LIVING BODY
WATER
OFTEN CALLED THE BUILDING BLOCK OF LIFE
CARBON
IS THE BASIS FORM FORMING THE STRUCTURES OF LIVING THINGS AND CARRIES OUT THE MOST LIFE’S FUNCTIONS
CARBON
THE CARBON-CONTAINING MOLECULES ARE
ORGANIC COMPOUND
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS SOMETIMES REFERRED TO AS
MACROMOLECULES
MACROMOLECULES ARE COMPOSED OF SUBUNITS CALLED
MONOMER
MONOMERS LINKED TOGETHER WILL FORM COMPLEX MOLECULES CALLED
POLYMERS
MONOMERS FORMED INTO POLYMERS BY MEANS OF THE PROCESS CALLED
DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS
POLYMERS DISASSEMBLED BY MEANS OF THE PROCESS
HYDROLYSIS REACTION
MONOMERS
SIMPLE SUGAR, AMINO ACIDS, FATTY ACIDS , NUCLEOTIDES
POLYMERS
CARBOHYDRATES, PROTEINS, LIPIDS, NUCLEIC ACIDS
COMPOSED OF THE ELEMENTS C,H, AND O
CARBOHYDRATES
THESE ARE ORGANIC COMPOUND THAT SERVE AS THE MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY IN ALL ORGANISMS
CARBOHYDRATES
SERVE AS THE STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS OF THE LIVING CELL
CARBOHYDRATES
CARBOHYDRATES CLASSIFIES INTO
MONOSACCHARIDES , DISACCHARIDES , POLYSACCHARIDES
KNOWN AS THE SIMPLE SUGAR
MONOSACCHARIDES
IDENTIFIED BASED ON THE NUMBERS OF CARBON ATOMS
MONOSACCHARIDES
3 CARBON ATOMS
TRIOSE
5 CARBON ATOMS
PENTOSE
6 CARBON ATOMS
HEXOSES
SOME SIMPLE SUGARS ARE
FRUCTOSE , GLUCOSE , GALACTOSE
FRUIT SUGAR , SWEETEST SUGAR IN FRUITS
FRUCTOSE
DEXTROSE/BLOOD SUGAR
GLUCOSE AND GALACTOSE
MAKES THE BACKBONE OF RNA AND DNA
MONOSACCHARIDES
RNA
RIBOSE
DNA
DEOXYRIBOSE
KNOWN AS THE COMPLEX SUGARS CONSISTS OF TWO MOLECULES OF MONOSACCHARIDES
DISACCHARIDES
SOME DISACCHARIDES ARE
SUCROSE , MALTOSE. LACTOSE
MILK SUGAR
LACTOSE
MALT SUGAR FOUND IN MALTED CEREALS AND GRAIN
MALTOSE
COMMON SUGAR TABLE / FOUND IN SUGAR CANE , SUGAR BEETS , CARROTS , AND OTHER SWEET FRUITS
SUCROSE
KNOWN AS THE COMPLEX SUGARS CONSIST OF TWO OR MORE MOLECULES OF MONASACCHARIDES
POLYSACCHARIDES
CAPABLE OF ACTING AS ENERGY STORAGE OR STRUCTURAL MOLECULES AS PARTS OF THE CELL STRUCTURES
POLYSACCHARIDES
COMMON EXAMPLE OF POLYSACCHARIDES
STARCH AND GLYCOGEN
CHITIN AND CELLULOSE
STORAGE POLYSACCHARIDES
STARCH AMD GLYCOGEN
STRUCTURAL POLYSACCHARIDES
CHITIN AND CELLULOSE
FOUND IN POTATO , CASSAVA , CORN AND CEREALS
STARCH
IS A STORAGE CARBOHYDRATE IN ANIMALS WHICH ACCUMULATES IN THE LIVER AND MUSCLE CELLS
GLYCOGEN
IS A STRUCTURAL POLYSACCHARIDE FOUND IN PLANT CELL WALLS WHICH FUNCTION FOR SUPPORTS AND PROTECTION FOR PLANTS
CELLULOSE
IS THE STRUCTURAL POLYSACCHARIDE FOUND IN PLANT CELL WALLS WHICH FUNCTION FOR SUPPORTS AND PROTECTION FOR PLANTS
CELLULOSE
IS FOUND IN THE OUTER COVERINGS OF CRUSTACEANS AND INSECTS WHICH FUNCTION FOR PROTECTION AND SUPPORT
CHITIN
COMPOSED OF THE ELEMENTS C,H,O,N,AND S
PROTEINS
THESE ARE THE MOSET ABUNDANT ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN LIVING ORGANISM THAT ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR 15% OF THE BODY DRY WEIGHT
PROTEIN
THE BUILDING BLOCK OF PROTEIN
AMINO ACIDS
DIFFERENT COMBINATION OF THE ____ AMINO ACIDS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE VARIETY OF PROTEINS IN LIVING ORGANISM
20
YOUR BODY IS CAPABLE OF PRODUCING ABOUT _____ AMINO ACIDS TO FORM PROTEIN
12
AMINO ACIDS THAT ARE NOT PRESENT IN OUR BODY KNOWN AS THE
ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS
FOUND OR OBTAINED BY OUR BODY FROM ANIMAL AND PLANT SOURCES
PROTEINS
IMPORTANT IN PROVIDING OUR BODY WITH ADEQUATE AMOUNT OF 20 AMINO ACIDS
BALANCED DIET
THESE AMINO ACIDS ARE USED BY OUR BODY FOR GROWTH AND MAINTENANCE
PROTEINS
SIMPLE MAMMALIAN MAY CONTAIN __________ DIFFERENT KINDS OF PROTEINS
10,000
PROTEIN FORM THE PARTS OF CELLS AND TISSUES SUCH AS THE KERATIN AND COLLAGEN
STRUCTURAL PROTEINS
ENZYMES CATALYZE OR SPEED UP CHEMICAL REACTIONS WITHOUT BEING CHEMICALLY CHANGED
ENZYMATIC PROTEINS
EXAMPLE IS THE HEMOGLOBIN IN RBC
TRANSPORT PROTEINS
ANTIBODIES
DEFENSE PROTEINS
PRODUCED BY A SPECIFIC TYPE OF WBC CALLED B LYMPHOCYTES IN RESPONSE TO THE PRESENCE OF A FOREIGN SUBSTANCE IN THE BODY CALLED ANITIGEN
ANTIBODIES
PRODUCED BY A SPECIFIC TYPE OF WBC
B LYMPHOCYTES
FOREIGN SUBSTANCE IN OUR BODY
ANTIGEN
HORMONES ARE SIGNAL PROTEINS THAT REGULATE BODY FUNCTIONS
REGULATORY OR SIGNAL PROTEINS
FOUND IN THE MUSCLE CELLS TO ALLOW MOVEMENT AND CAUSE MUCLE CONTRACTION
CONTRACTILE PROTEINS
COMPOSED OF THE ELEMENTS C,H, AND O
LIPIDS
THESE ARE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS SUBSTANCES THAT INCLUDE FATS AND FAT-LIKE SUBSTANCES SUCH AS PHOSPHOLIPID, WAX AND STEROID
LIPIDS
FUNCTIONS OF LIPID
PREVENT WATER LOSS FROM SURFACE SKIN
MAKES STRUCTURES OF THE CELL MEMBRANE
INSULATING MATERIAL TO PREVENT HEAT LOSS AND PROTECTION AGAINST EXTREME COLD
SOURCE OF STORAGE ENERGY
SOLID AT ROOM TEMPERATURE
SATURATED FATTY ACIDS
MOSTLY FOUND IN ANIMALS
SATURATED FATTY ACIDS
EXAMPLE MARGARINE AND BUTTER
SATURATED FATTY ACIDS
LIQUID AT ROOM TEMPERATURE
UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS
MOSTLY FOUND IN PLANTS
UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS
EXAMPLE ARE VEGETABLE OIL AND CORN OIL
UNSATURATED FATTY CELLS
ARE IMPORTANT COMPONENTS OF CELL MEMBRANES
PHOSPHOLIPIDS
LIPIDS WHICH ARE IMPORTANT COMPONENTS OF MANY ORGANISM
WAXES
FOUND AS A CUTICLE COVERING SURFACE OF LEAVES AND STEM PLANTS AND PROTECTIVE COVERING ON THE SKIN AND FUR OF SOME ANIMALS
WAXES
ARE LIPIDS WITH A CARBON SKELETON OF DOUR FUSED RINGS
STEROIDS
KNOWN AS THE BLOOD FATS
TRIGLYCERIDES
CIRCULATE IN THE BLOODSTREAM ALONG WITH THE CHOLESTEROL
TRIGLYCERIDES
FOUND IN THE BRAIN ,LMGS AND NERVE TISSUES
SPHINGOLIPIDS
SERVES AS SURFACTANTS THAT HELP REDUCE TENSION ON THE LUNGS
SPHINGOLIPIDS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS THAT FUNCTION FOR THE STORAGE OF GENETIC INFORMATION , WHICH IS TRANSMITTED FROM ONE GENERATION TO THE NEXT I ALL LIVING ORGANISM
NUCLEIC ACIDS
IT IS THE PHYSICAL CARRIER OF INHERITANCE THAT IS PASSED FROM PARENTS TO OFFSPRING
NUCLEIC ACIDS
FUNCTION FOR PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
NUCLEIC ACIDS
BUILDING BLOCK IS NUCLEOTIDE
NUCLEIC ACIDS
MADE UP. OF FIVE-CARBON SUGAR, PHOSPHATE GROUP AND NITROGEN BASE
NUCLEOTIDE
NITROGENOUS BASE
GUANINE ,ADENINE, CYTOSINE , THYMINE AND URACIL
NITROGENOUS BASE
NUCLEOTIDE
THE STRUCTURE OF DNA IS A DOUBLE STRANDED HELIX MOLECULE WHICH IS FIRST DESCRIBED BY
JAMES WATSON AND FRANCIS CRICK