CELL REPRODUCTION Flashcards
AN ORGANIZED STRUCTURE DNA
CHROMOSOME
DOMINANT AND RECESSIVE
ALLELES
FOUND IN CHROMOSOME
GENES
CHROMOSOME IS TRANSMITTED FROM PARENTS VIA
SEX CELLS
SEX CELLS
SPERM CELL AND EGG CELL
DNA IS MADE UP OF
NUCLEOTIDES
CONTAIN ESSENTIAL INFORMATION IN DNA
GENES
A REGION OF CONDENSED PINCH OF CHROMOSOMES
CENTROMERE
REFERS TO EACH STRAND OF A DUPLICATED CHROMOSOMES
CHROMATIDS
TOGETHER OF CHROMATIDS
SISTER CHROMATIDS
ROLE IS TO PREVENT THE ENDS OF CHROMOSOMES FROM ACCIDENTALLY ATTACHING TO ONE ANOTHER AND TO PREVENT THE LOSS OF GENES
TELOMERE
WHAT ARE FOUND IN THE CELL
NUCLEUS , ORGANELLES ,CYTOPLASM, CELL MEMBRANE
CELL FOLLOW THE STAGES OF GROWTH , DUPLICATION AND DIVISION KNOWN AS
CELL CYCLE
ABNORMALITIES IN THE CELL CYCLE CAN PRODUCE
ABNORMAL CELL GROWTH
THIS CYCLE INVOLVES DISTINCT AND REGULAR PHASES OF GROWTH
CELL CYCLE
DNA DUPLICATION AND CELL DIVISION THAT ARE NEEDED TO ALLOW GROWTH AND REPAIR
CELL CYCLE
GAP 1, DNA SYNTHESIS , GAP 2
INTERPHASE
KARYOKINESIS AND CYTOKINESIS
CELL DIVISION
THE GROWTH PERIOD IN THE CELL CYCLE WHICH TAKES APPROXIMATELY 80% IF THE CELL LIFETIME
INTERPHASE
FIRST PART OF THE CELL WHEREIN THE CELL CARIES OUT ITS NORMAL METABOLIC FUNCTION
GAP1
DURING THIS PHASE , CELL INCREASE THEIR SIZE , THEIR ORGANELLES INCREASE IN NUMBER
GAP1
SECOND PART OF THE CELL CYCLE , WHICH REFERS TO THE TIME THAT THE CELL MAKES A COPY OF THE GENETIC MATERIAL IN THE FORM OF NUCLEAR DNA
DNA SYNTHESIS
DURING THIS PHASES , THE CELL SPENDS CONSIDERABLE AMOUNT OF TIME AND ENERGY TO MAKE A COPIES OF ITS CHROMOSOMES
DNA SYNTHESIS
CELL CONTINUE TO CARRY OUT THEIR NORMAL FUNCTIONS AND ALSO UNDERGO FURTHER GROWTH
GAP2
DURING THIS PHASE, THE CELL MAKES SURE THAT EVERYTHING IS IN ORDER , INCLUDING IS ON ORDER , INCLUDING GROWING TO ITS CORRECT SIZE AND DUPLICATING DNA WITHOUT DAMAGE
GAP2
INVOLVES THE DIVISION OF THE NUCLEUS AND THE GENETIC MATERIAL
MITOSIS
HAPPENS IN THE BODY CELL
MITOSIS
THE DIVISION OF THE NUCLEUS
KARYOKINESIS
THE DIVISION OF CYTOPLASM
CYTOKINESIS
DURING THIS STAGE: CHROMATIN CONDENSES INTO TIGHTLY COILED CHROMOSOMES
PROPHASES
CHROMOSOMES BEGIN TO BE VERY VISIBLE AS THREADLIKE STRUCTURES
PROPHASES
MITOTIC SPINDLE IS FORMED
PROPHASE
NUCLEAR MEMBRANE DISAPPEARS
PROPHASE
NUCLEOLUS DISAPPEARS
PROPHASE
DURING THIS STAGE , SPINDLE FIBERS FACILITIES THE MOVEMENT OF CHROMOSOMES TOWARD THE MIDDLE OF THE CELL
METAPHASE
CHROMOSOMES AT THE CENTER
METAPHASES
IF THE CHROMOSOMES IS IN THIS POSITION , ANAPHASES COMMENSES
METAPHASE
SISTER CHROMATIDS ARE TIGHTLY PAIRED DUE TO THE CENTROMERE AND PROTEIN COHESIN
ANAPHASE
SISTER CHROMATIDS SEPARATE FROM EACH OTHER
ANAPHASE
SPINDLE FIBER BEGIN TO SHORTEN TO OULL THE SISTER CHROMATIDS AWAY FROM EACH OTHER TOWARD THE OPPOSITE ENDS OF THE CELL
ANAPHASE
CHROMATIDS TO OPPOSITE SIDES
ANAPHASE
COMPLETE SET OF IDENTICAL CHROMOSOMES ARE NOW POSITIONED AT EACH POLE OF THE CELL
TELOPHASE
REBUILD THE NUCLEAR MEMBRANE AROUND EACH SET OF CHROMOSOMES
TELOPHASE
REFORMATION OF NUCLEI
TELOPHASE
INVOLVES SPLITTING OF THE CYTOPLASM INTO TWO CELLS
CYTOKINESIS
COMPLETED NUCLEAR ENVELOP SURROUNDS DECONDENSING CHROMOSOMES
CYTOKINESIS
FORMING OF THE CLEAVAGE FURROR IN AN ANIMAL CELL
CYTOKINESIS
SKIN CELL LIFE SPAN
14 DAYS
RED BLOOD CELL LIFE SPAN
120 DAYS
LIVER CELL LIFE SPAN
300-500 DAYS
INTERNAL LINING INTESTINE LIFE SPAN
4-5 DAYS
SMOOTH MUSCLE OF THE INTESTINES LIFE SPAN
16 YEARS
THE ORDERLY PROGRAMMED OF CELL DEATH OR SUICIDE BY UNCONTROLLED CELL DEATH IS CALLED
APOPTOSIS
THIS IS THE BODYS WAY TO GET RID OF ALL THE CELL THAT ARE NO LONGER FUNCTIONING
APOPTOSIS
IF THERE IS UNCONTROLLED CELL DIVISION IF MAY PRODUCED ABNORMALITIES IN THE CELL
CANCER
THIS CONDITION WHEREIN A GROUP OF CELLS IS CHARACTERIZED BY UNCONTROLLED AND ABNORMAL CELL DIVISION
CANCER
IT OCCURS WHEN THERE IS A DISRUPTION IN THE CELL CYCLE , WHEREIN IT DOESNT STOP AND START IN APPROPRIATE POINTS
CANCER
A SOLID MASS OF TUMOR IS FORMED
CANCER
ANOTHER TYPE OF CELL DIVISION THAT OCCURS ONLY IN THE ORGANISM REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
MEIOSIS
A KIND OF CELLULAR DIVISION THAT OCCURS ONLY IN SEXUAL REPRODUCTION WHICH INVOLVES IN THE PRODUCTION OF SEX CELLS OR GAMETES
MEIOSIS
MEIOSIS PRODUCES GENETICALLY
HAPLOID CELLS
MITOSIS PRODUCES
DIPLOID CELLS
COPY ONLY THE EXACT NUMBER OF CHROMOSOMES OF THE MOTHER CELL
DIPLOID
IT TAKES PART IN THE SEXUAL REPRODUCTION OF AN ORGANISM , WHEREIN HALF OF THE CHROMOSOMES FROM BOTH PARENTS WILL BE GIVEN TO THEIR OFFSPRING
HAPLOID
MEIOSIS IS DIVIDED INTO 2 DIVISION OF THE NUCLEUS KNOWN AS
MEIOSIS 1 AND MEIOSIS 2
PRODUCTS AFTER MEIOSIS ID TWO DAUGHTER CELLS WHICH IS COMPOSED ONLY OF
23 CHROMOSOMES
FOCUSES ON THE DIVISION OF THE HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES TO PRODUCE TWO HAPLOID CELLS WITH DUPLICATED CHROMOSOMES
MEIOSIS 1
THE GOAL IT TO DIVIDE SISTER CHROMATIDS , RESULTING IN SEX CELLS WITH ONLY HALF THE CHROMOSOMES NUMBER
MEIOSIS 2
THE PROCESS OF PRODUCING GAMETES OR SEX CELLS
GAMETOGENESIS
MEIOSIS IS THE PRIMARY EVENT IN THIS PROCESS
GAMETOGENESIS
TWO TYPES OF GAMETOGENESIS
SPERMATOGENESIS AND OOGENESIS
PROCESS OF PRODUCING EGG CELL AND POLAR BODIES
OOGENESIS
PROCESS OF PRODUCING SPERM CELLS
SPERMATOGENESIS
THIS IS THE RANDOM DISTRIBUTION OF HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES DURING MEIOSIS
INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT
CROSSING OVER HAPPENS DURING PROPHASE 1 WHEREIN SECTIONS OF DNA ARE EXCHANGED BETWEEN CHROMOSOMES
RANDOM FERTILIZATION /CROSSING OVER
PRODUCT OF MEIOSIS
HAPLOID CELLS
MEIOSIS CONTAINS _______ FROM PARENTS
23 CHROMOSOMES
DURING FERTILIZATION PROCESS , SPERM CELL WILL UNITE TP EGG CELL FORMING
46 CHROMOSOMES OF AN OFFSPRING
44 OF THESE OF CHROMOSOMES ARE CALLED
BODY CELLS OR AUTOSOMES
THE REMAINING 2 FROM 46 CHROMOSOMES ARE CALLED
SEX CELLS AND SEX CHROMOSOMES
SEX CELLS ARE CALLED
X AND Y CHROMOSOMES
BIOLOGICAL FEMALE
XX
BIOLOGICAL MALE
YY
THE PROCESS OF VIEWING THE ARRANGEMENT OF CHROMOSOMES IS DONE THROUGH THE PROCESS OF
KARYOTYPING
DIAGRAM THAT SHOWS KARYOTYPING PROCESS IS CALLED
KARYOGRAM