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Biology > CELL REPRODUCTION > Flashcards

CELL REPRODUCTION Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

AN ORGANIZED STRUCTURE DNA

A

CHROMOSOME

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2
Q

DOMINANT AND RECESSIVE

A

ALLELES

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3
Q

FOUND IN CHROMOSOME

A

GENES

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4
Q

CHROMOSOME IS TRANSMITTED FROM PARENTS VIA

A

SEX CELLS

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5
Q

SEX CELLS

A

SPERM CELL AND EGG CELL

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6
Q

DNA IS MADE UP OF

A

NUCLEOTIDES

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7
Q

CONTAIN ESSENTIAL INFORMATION IN DNA

A

GENES

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8
Q

A REGION OF CONDENSED PINCH OF CHROMOSOMES

A

CENTROMERE

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9
Q

REFERS TO EACH STRAND OF A DUPLICATED CHROMOSOMES

A

CHROMATIDS

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10
Q

TOGETHER OF CHROMATIDS

A

SISTER CHROMATIDS

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11
Q

ROLE IS TO PREVENT THE ENDS OF CHROMOSOMES FROM ACCIDENTALLY ATTACHING TO ONE ANOTHER AND TO PREVENT THE LOSS OF GENES

A

TELOMERE

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12
Q

WHAT ARE FOUND IN THE CELL

A

NUCLEUS , ORGANELLES ,CYTOPLASM, CELL MEMBRANE

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13
Q

CELL FOLLOW THE STAGES OF GROWTH , DUPLICATION AND DIVISION KNOWN AS

A

CELL CYCLE

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14
Q

ABNORMALITIES IN THE CELL CYCLE CAN PRODUCE

A

ABNORMAL CELL GROWTH

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15
Q

THIS CYCLE INVOLVES DISTINCT AND REGULAR PHASES OF GROWTH

A

CELL CYCLE

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16
Q

DNA DUPLICATION AND CELL DIVISION THAT ARE NEEDED TO ALLOW GROWTH AND REPAIR

A

CELL CYCLE

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17
Q

GAP 1, DNA SYNTHESIS , GAP 2

A

INTERPHASE

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18
Q

KARYOKINESIS AND CYTOKINESIS

A

CELL DIVISION

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19
Q

THE GROWTH PERIOD IN THE CELL CYCLE WHICH TAKES APPROXIMATELY 80% IF THE CELL LIFETIME

A

INTERPHASE

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20
Q

FIRST PART OF THE CELL WHEREIN THE CELL CARIES OUT ITS NORMAL METABOLIC FUNCTION

A

GAP1

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21
Q

DURING THIS PHASE , CELL INCREASE THEIR SIZE , THEIR ORGANELLES INCREASE IN NUMBER

A

GAP1

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22
Q

SECOND PART OF THE CELL CYCLE , WHICH REFERS TO THE TIME THAT THE CELL MAKES A COPY OF THE GENETIC MATERIAL IN THE FORM OF NUCLEAR DNA

A

DNA SYNTHESIS

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23
Q

DURING THIS PHASES , THE CELL SPENDS CONSIDERABLE AMOUNT OF TIME AND ENERGY TO MAKE A COPIES OF ITS CHROMOSOMES

A

DNA SYNTHESIS

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24
Q

CELL CONTINUE TO CARRY OUT THEIR NORMAL FUNCTIONS AND ALSO UNDERGO FURTHER GROWTH

A

GAP2

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25
Q

DURING THIS PHASE, THE CELL MAKES SURE THAT EVERYTHING IS IN ORDER , INCLUDING IS ON ORDER , INCLUDING GROWING TO ITS CORRECT SIZE AND DUPLICATING DNA WITHOUT DAMAGE

A

GAP2

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26
Q

INVOLVES THE DIVISION OF THE NUCLEUS AND THE GENETIC MATERIAL

A

MITOSIS

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27
Q

HAPPENS IN THE BODY CELL

A

MITOSIS

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28
Q

THE DIVISION OF THE NUCLEUS

A

KARYOKINESIS

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29
Q

THE DIVISION OF CYTOPLASM

A

CYTOKINESIS

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30
Q

DURING THIS STAGE: CHROMATIN CONDENSES INTO TIGHTLY COILED CHROMOSOMES

A

PROPHASES

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31
Q

CHROMOSOMES BEGIN TO BE VERY VISIBLE AS THREADLIKE STRUCTURES

A

PROPHASES

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32
Q

MITOTIC SPINDLE IS FORMED

A

PROPHASE

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33
Q

NUCLEAR MEMBRANE DISAPPEARS

A

PROPHASE

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34
Q

NUCLEOLUS DISAPPEARS

A

PROPHASE

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35
Q

DURING THIS STAGE , SPINDLE FIBERS FACILITIES THE MOVEMENT OF CHROMOSOMES TOWARD THE MIDDLE OF THE CELL

A

METAPHASE

36
Q

CHROMOSOMES AT THE CENTER

A

METAPHASES

37
Q

IF THE CHROMOSOMES IS IN THIS POSITION , ANAPHASES COMMENSES

A

METAPHASE

38
Q

SISTER CHROMATIDS ARE TIGHTLY PAIRED DUE TO THE CENTROMERE AND PROTEIN COHESIN

A

ANAPHASE

39
Q

SISTER CHROMATIDS SEPARATE FROM EACH OTHER

A

ANAPHASE

40
Q

SPINDLE FIBER BEGIN TO SHORTEN TO OULL THE SISTER CHROMATIDS AWAY FROM EACH OTHER TOWARD THE OPPOSITE ENDS OF THE CELL

A

ANAPHASE

41
Q

CHROMATIDS TO OPPOSITE SIDES

A

ANAPHASE

42
Q

COMPLETE SET OF IDENTICAL CHROMOSOMES ARE NOW POSITIONED AT EACH POLE OF THE CELL

A

TELOPHASE

43
Q

REBUILD THE NUCLEAR MEMBRANE AROUND EACH SET OF CHROMOSOMES

A

TELOPHASE

44
Q

REFORMATION OF NUCLEI

A

TELOPHASE

45
Q

INVOLVES SPLITTING OF THE CYTOPLASM INTO TWO CELLS

A

CYTOKINESIS

46
Q

COMPLETED NUCLEAR ENVELOP SURROUNDS DECONDENSING CHROMOSOMES

A

CYTOKINESIS

47
Q

FORMING OF THE CLEAVAGE FURROR IN AN ANIMAL CELL

A

CYTOKINESIS

48
Q

SKIN CELL LIFE SPAN

A

14 DAYS

49
Q

RED BLOOD CELL LIFE SPAN

A

120 DAYS

50
Q

LIVER CELL LIFE SPAN

A

300-500 DAYS

51
Q

INTERNAL LINING INTESTINE LIFE SPAN

A

4-5 DAYS

52
Q

SMOOTH MUSCLE OF THE INTESTINES LIFE SPAN

A

16 YEARS

53
Q

THE ORDERLY PROGRAMMED OF CELL DEATH OR SUICIDE BY UNCONTROLLED CELL DEATH IS CALLED

A

APOPTOSIS

54
Q

THIS IS THE BODYS WAY TO GET RID OF ALL THE CELL THAT ARE NO LONGER FUNCTIONING

A

APOPTOSIS

55
Q

IF THERE IS UNCONTROLLED CELL DIVISION IF MAY PRODUCED ABNORMALITIES IN THE CELL

A

CANCER

56
Q

THIS CONDITION WHEREIN A GROUP OF CELLS IS CHARACTERIZED BY UNCONTROLLED AND ABNORMAL CELL DIVISION

A

CANCER

57
Q

IT OCCURS WHEN THERE IS A DISRUPTION IN THE CELL CYCLE , WHEREIN IT DOESNT STOP AND START IN APPROPRIATE POINTS

A

CANCER

58
Q

A SOLID MASS OF TUMOR IS FORMED

A

CANCER

59
Q

ANOTHER TYPE OF CELL DIVISION THAT OCCURS ONLY IN THE ORGANISM REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

A

MEIOSIS

60
Q

A KIND OF CELLULAR DIVISION THAT OCCURS ONLY IN SEXUAL REPRODUCTION WHICH INVOLVES IN THE PRODUCTION OF SEX CELLS OR GAMETES

A

MEIOSIS

61
Q

MEIOSIS PRODUCES GENETICALLY

A

HAPLOID CELLS

62
Q

MITOSIS PRODUCES

A

DIPLOID CELLS

63
Q

COPY ONLY THE EXACT NUMBER OF CHROMOSOMES OF THE MOTHER CELL

A

DIPLOID

64
Q

IT TAKES PART IN THE SEXUAL REPRODUCTION OF AN ORGANISM , WHEREIN HALF OF THE CHROMOSOMES FROM BOTH PARENTS WILL BE GIVEN TO THEIR OFFSPRING

A

HAPLOID

65
Q

MEIOSIS IS DIVIDED INTO 2 DIVISION OF THE NUCLEUS KNOWN AS

A

MEIOSIS 1 AND MEIOSIS 2

66
Q

PRODUCTS AFTER MEIOSIS ID TWO DAUGHTER CELLS WHICH IS COMPOSED ONLY OF

A

23 CHROMOSOMES

67
Q

FOCUSES ON THE DIVISION OF THE HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES TO PRODUCE TWO HAPLOID CELLS WITH DUPLICATED CHROMOSOMES

A

MEIOSIS 1

68
Q

THE GOAL IT TO DIVIDE SISTER CHROMATIDS , RESULTING IN SEX CELLS WITH ONLY HALF THE CHROMOSOMES NUMBER

A

MEIOSIS 2

69
Q

THE PROCESS OF PRODUCING GAMETES OR SEX CELLS

A

GAMETOGENESIS

70
Q

MEIOSIS IS THE PRIMARY EVENT IN THIS PROCESS

A

GAMETOGENESIS

71
Q

TWO TYPES OF GAMETOGENESIS

A

SPERMATOGENESIS AND OOGENESIS

72
Q

PROCESS OF PRODUCING EGG CELL AND POLAR BODIES

A

OOGENESIS

73
Q

PROCESS OF PRODUCING SPERM CELLS

A

SPERMATOGENESIS

74
Q

THIS IS THE RANDOM DISTRIBUTION OF HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES DURING MEIOSIS

A

INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT

75
Q

CROSSING OVER HAPPENS DURING PROPHASE 1 WHEREIN SECTIONS OF DNA ARE EXCHANGED BETWEEN CHROMOSOMES

A

RANDOM FERTILIZATION /CROSSING OVER

76
Q

PRODUCT OF MEIOSIS

A

HAPLOID CELLS

77
Q

MEIOSIS CONTAINS _______ FROM PARENTS

A

23 CHROMOSOMES

78
Q

DURING FERTILIZATION PROCESS , SPERM CELL WILL UNITE TP EGG CELL FORMING

A

46 CHROMOSOMES OF AN OFFSPRING

79
Q

44 OF THESE OF CHROMOSOMES ARE CALLED

A

BODY CELLS OR AUTOSOMES

80
Q

THE REMAINING 2 FROM 46 CHROMOSOMES ARE CALLED

A

SEX CELLS AND SEX CHROMOSOMES

81
Q

SEX CELLS ARE CALLED

A

X AND Y CHROMOSOMES

82
Q

BIOLOGICAL FEMALE

A

XX

83
Q

BIOLOGICAL MALE

A

YY

84
Q

THE PROCESS OF VIEWING THE ARRANGEMENT OF CHROMOSOMES IS DONE THROUGH THE PROCESS OF

A

KARYOTYPING

85
Q

DIAGRAM THAT SHOWS KARYOTYPING PROCESS IS CALLED

A

KARYOGRAM

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