review 1 Flashcards
Describe the heart trunks
brachiocephalic trunk - 1st branch of the aortic arch, bifurcates to R common carotid artery and R subclavian artery
Pulmonary trunk - bifurcates into R and L pulmonary arteries
which segment of pressure volume loop is the longest
reduced passive filling
ie form D to A on the diagram
equation for ejection fraction
100*SV/end diastolic volume
SV from PV loop
distance between the vertical lines
calculation for MAP
MAP = DBP + 1/3 pulse pressure
DBP on PV loop
B - when the arteries are in diastole, pressure when aortic valve open ventricular pressure exceed aortic pressure. diagram shows pressure in the heart - need circulating pressure so take it mid-systole
SBP in PV loop
C
pulse pressure from PV loop
difference between C and B
Difference between systolic and diastolic bp
calculation for pulse pressure
SBP - DBP
calculation for cardiac output
SV*heart rate
valves during the PV loop
A - mitral close ‘lub’
B - aortic open
C - aortic close - ‘dub’
D - mitral open
phases of systole
A-C
phases of diastole
C-A
what does a thick line show on a PV curve
slower phase
what phase of the loop denotes which phase of the cycle
A-B isovolumetric contraction
B-C ejection
C-D isovolumetric relaxation
D-A filling
what is denoted by the end systolic PV line
contractility
line can move
what is denoted by the end diastolic PV line
elastance - pre-load
willingness to distort to pressure
where does the afterload line go
through c
x intercept below A-B line
can change gradient or be displaced
what part of the heart is the pressure vol loop for
left ventricle
what happens to the PV loop when you increase preload
large increase in end diastolic vol move up the ESPVR - higher force of contraction increase in end systolic volume displacement of afterload line large increase in SV
what happens to PV loop when you decrease preload
large decrease in EDPVR displacement of afterload line move down ESPVR line large decrease in SV large decrease in EDV decrease in ESV
what happens to the PV loop when you increase afterload
little change to EDV decrease in SV large increase in ESV little change ESPVR? increase in gradient of AL
what happens to the PV loop when you decrease afterload
Little change to EDV increase in SV large decrease in ESV decrease in gradient of AL little change to ESPVR
what happens to the PV loop when you have aortic stenosis
narrowing of exit of L ventricle of heart
similar to increase in afterload
increase in EDV - eject less so already some in the heart at the start of diastole
decrease in SV
increase in gradient of AL
increase in ESV
what happens to the PV loop when you in aortic regurgitation
very irregular shape isovolumetric contraction cant take place properly - needs a sealed heart large increase in EDV Large increase in gradient AL decrease in DBP
?what happens to the PV loop when you increase contractility?
EDV doesn’t change
large increase in gradient AL
decrease in ESV
increase in SV
?what happens to the PV loop when you decrease contractility?
EDV increase
decrease AL gradient
increase in ESV
decrease in SV
?what happens to the PV loop when you have mitral stenosis?
decrease preload
EDV decrease
ESV decrease
Larger decrease in SV
?what happens to the PV loop when you have mitral regurgitation?
same as increase preload
ESV decrease - some backflow into veins?
