Anatomy of the heart and blood vessels Flashcards
what is the anatomical terminology and what does it mean
superia/rostral - head left and right are as if you are the person posterior - behind anterior - in front inferior/caudal - bottom medial -towards centre distal - further away proximal - closer to lateral - outer side of body part
describe the external structure of the heart
endocardium - one cell thick - interface between heart and blood - inside layer - basement membrane and elastic tissue attached
myocardium - thick layer of cardiac muscle cells L side thicker
visceral pericardium - a layer of serous tissue between myocardium and pericardial space
parietal pericardium - layer of serous tissue lining the fibrous pericardium and facing the pericardial space
fibrous pericardium - connective tissue to protect the heart and hold it in position
pericardial fluid - lubricate
list the internal parts of the heart
pulmonary trunk - large conduit, not long, splits into other things
left atrium
aortic valve
mitral (bicuspid) valve
chordae tendineae and papillary muscle - prevent inversion of valves, support and structure
papillary muscle - similar to internal structure of the heart, ridged - they are myofibrils and help with pressure, connected on right and left
intraventricular septum - muscular wall shared by both halves
apex - muscular end
inferior vena cava
right ventricle
tricuspid valve - atrioventricular valve
pulmonary valve
right atrium
superior vena cava
aortic arch
describe the heart valves
mitral valve - only bicuspid valve, one larger than the other, were three and 2 closed in embryo
other valves have 3 cusps
describe the alternative names for the blood vessels
artery - conduit vessel - carry blood from 1 location to another
arteriole - resistance - control flow into capillary beds
capillary - exchange vessel - responsible for exchange secretion and absorption
venule - N/A
vein - capacitance vessels - contain 70% blood, have valves which support new direction of blood flow
describe the components of the blood vessels
tunica externa - mainly collagen as protection and connection to other structures
external elastic lamina - quite elastic, border the layers
tunica media - smooth muscle, elastin and collagen
internal elastic lamina
tunica intima - vascular endothelium, basement supporting matrix
describe the coronary circulation - coronary arteries
circum = around
the coronary arteries are superior to the aortic valve
right coronary artery - off R cusp – R ventricle
left circumflex – L ventricle
left anterior descending – septum/L ventricle
right conus artery - arise from R coronary artery
describe the coronary circulation - veins
great cardiac vein anterior interventricular vein middle cardiac vein R marginal vein small cardiac vein anterior veins all drain into coronary sinus at back of heart - drains into bottom of R atrium - lungs
describe the arterial network
branch from aorta
trunk vessels - primary branches which then branch into further vessels
list and describe the peripheral arteries
external carotid internal carotid common carotid aortic arch - 3 branches perfuse arms and head - brachiocephalic trunk (arm-head trunk) split into brachial - radial and artery, auxiliary and carotid carotid bifurcate again subclavian - protected ascending aorta thoracic aorta abdominal aorta - bifurcatesn in perineum into iliacs to feet coeliac trunk splenic inferior mesenteric common iliac popliteal anterior tibial posterior tibial femoral external iliac internal iliac superior mesenteric renal radial ulnar hepatic brachial axillary brachiocephalic trunk
describe the venous network
most veins converge into vena cava
list the main veins
internal jugular vein cephalic vein median antecubital vein inferior vena cava hepatic veins renal vein iliac vein great saphenous vein anterior tibial vein femoral vein ulnar vein radial vein basilic vein superior vena cava subclavian vein external jugular vein
where in the chest is the heart
centre-left - mediastinum
what are the layers in the pericardium
fibrous membrane - protection and structural support
serous membrane - secretory layers - provide lubrication between heart and fibrous membrane
what is the pericardium
sac
single membrane folded in on itself
void with fluid in - pericardial fluid lubricates movement
