Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

cardiovascular system > introduction to diagnostic imaging > Flashcards

introduction to diagnostic imaging Flashcards

1
Q

when was the X ray invented and by who

A

1985

Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

when was the CT (computed tomography) invented and by who

A

1978

Sir Godfrey Hounsfield

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

when was the MRI invented and by who

A

1933

Sir Peter Mansfield

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

diagnostic imaging

A

use images to make a diagnosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

interventional radiology

A

image guided surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

radiotherapy

A

high energy radiation - kill cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

radiologist

A

dr specialising in interpretation of medical imaging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

radiographer

A

technician

takes images

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

2 types of diagnostic imaging with ionising radiation

A

X ray and CT

Nuclear medicine - give radioisotopes and measure the radiation that comes out of them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

diagnostic imaging without ionising radiation

A

ultrasound

MRI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

issue with ionising radiation

A

small dose of cancer causeing substances - cause cancer in subsequent years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

effect of ionising radiation with age

A

when younger, tehre is a higher incidence of developing cancer
but need to look at the risk benefit ratio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

describe x-rays

A

tissue type affect attenuation of the x-rays
pass through low density air and fat - black (fat less black than air)
50% through soft tissue - grey
few through bone - white
metal/contrast agent -really white

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

why are lungs black on x ray

A

full of air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what would you see if there was a pneumonia in an x-ray

A

white because pus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

in the thorax what cant an x ray distinguish between

A

heart muscle,
pericardium,
blood inside the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what could a white spot on an abdominal radiograph suggest

A

l sided kidney stone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is used to improve radiography quality

A

contrast:
barium and iodine both very white
barium introduced by swallowing, enema?
iodine into artery or vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

describe CT

A

use X ray
tube spins
detector spins on opposite side
computer performs calculations to produce cross sectional map of tissue density

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what can CT differentiate between that x ray cant

A

water and soft tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is it called when CTs are expressed in different ways

A

CT windows

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are CT reconstructions

A

you can display them in any plane that you want to

allow you to see different things without scanning the patient again

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

describe the different planes

A

sagittal - down spine
axial - transverse, cut woman in half
coronal - like surgeons see

24
Q

describe contrast in CTs

A

iodine injected into an arm vein
enhances the bv
differentiate pathological from normal tissue
risks:
allergic reaction to iodine
if have kidney damage the iodine will make it worse

25
Q

what does a PE look like on a CT

A

black hole

26
Q

what do tumours look like on a CT

A

black hole

need contrast though because the density difference is nit enough for a normal CT

27
Q

describe ultrasound

A

uses high frequency sound to make images - reflect of the tissue
made and detected by a transducer - speaker and microphone
2D image
no radiation hazard - completely safe

28
Q

describe MRI

A

magnetism and radiofrequency waves
strong magnet - supercoiled with helium.
protons in bldy line up in 1 direction
transmit radiowave pulses - cause different degrees of spin, they relax in a different way
listen for radiowaves caused by the interaction with protons in the patients body
different tissues give different intensities fo returned waves

29
Q

bone colour on CT and MRI T1 and T2

A

CT - white

MRI- black

30
Q

bone marrow colour on CT and MRI T1 and T2

A

Ct - grey

MRI - white

31
Q

soft tissue on CT and MRI T1 and T2

A

grey

MRI more variable

32
Q

fluid on CT and MRI T1 and T2

A

ct - dark grey
MRI t1 - black
MRI t2 - white

33
Q

fat on CT and MRI T1 and T2

A

CT black

MRI white

34
Q

air on CT and MRI T1 and T2

A

black

35
Q

describe nuclear medicine

A

radioactive tracers that emit radiation - give isotope that is taken up by the tissue
different tracers go to different organs or parts of the body
images made by detecting the radiation by a gamma camera

36
Q

normal bone scan with nuclear medicine

A

even uptake of bone trace

37
Q

damaged bone scan with nuclear medicine

A

try to repair bone so more uptake in the damaged area - eg because of cancer

38
Q

what do you see in a normal lung scan

A

ventelation and perfusion are the same

39
Q

what do you see in lungs with a clot in a scan

A

ventilation normal but area missing off perfusion scan

40
Q

describe positron emission tomography

A

detect metabolic or functional changes

effective in diagnosis of cancer and staging of cancer and if it is respinding to cancer

41
Q

why do you combine pet and Ct

A

better anatomical location of cancer

faster and more specific than PET alone

42
Q

terms that mean back

A

posterior

dorsal

43
Q

terms that mean front

A

anterior

ventral

44
Q

term that means closer to the edge

A

lateral

45
Q

term that mans closer to the centre

A

medial

46
Q

term that means towards the head

A

cranial

47
Q

term that means towards the tail

A

caudal

48
Q

when are dorsal and ventral used more

A

in embryology

49
Q

what is the term for the top of the feet

A

dorsal

50
Q

what is the term for the sole of the feet

A

plantar

51
Q

term for palm of hand

A

palmar/volar

52
Q

term for bottom of hand

A

dorsal

53
Q

term for furthest away

A

distal

54
Q

term for closest

A

proximal

55
Q

why can you see the bowel clearly in an xray

A

gas v different density to soft tissue

56
Q

benefits of CT

A

can make a 3D image

can inflate the colon with air and prevent the patient having to have a colonoscopy

cardiovascular system (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions