Reversible reactions Flashcards
How can equilibrium be achieved?
.When reactants react their concentration falls, so the forward reaction will slow down
.But as more products are made their concentration increases so the backward reaction will speed up
.After a while the forward and backward reaction will be going at the same rate - this is equilibrium
What is a closed system?
Where none of the reactants or products can escape and nothing can get in
What is a dynamic equilibrium?
Both reactions are happening but there’s no overall effect, the concentrations of reactants and products have reached a balance and won’t change
What does it mean if the equilibrium lies to the right?
The concentration of products is greater than that of the reactants
What does it mean if the equilibrium lies to the left?
The concentration of the reactants is greater than that of the products
What does the position of equilibrium depend on?
.Temperature
.Pressure
.Concentration
In reversible reactions, if it is endothermic in one direction what is it in the other?
Exothermic
What is the energy transferred from the surroundings in the endothermic reaction equal to?
The energy transferred to the surroundings in the exothermic reaction
What does anhydrous mean?
Without water
What does hydrated mean?
With water
What happens if you heat blue hydrated copper (ii) sulfate crystals?
It drives the water off and leaves white anhydrous copper (ii) sulfate powder, this is endothermic
What happens if you add a couple of drops of water to the white anhydrous copper (ii) sulfate powder?
You get the blue hydrated copper (ii) sulfate crystals back, this is exothermic
What is Le Chatelier’s Principle?
The idea that if you change the conditions of a reversible reaction at equilibrium, then the system will try to counteract the change
What happens if you decrease the temperature?
The equilibrium will move in the exothermic direction to produce more heat, this means you will get more products for the exothermic reaction and fewer for the endothermic reaction
What happens if you increase the temperature?
The equilibrium will move in the endothermic direction to try and decrease it, this means you will get more products for the endothermic reaction and fewer for the exothermic reaction
What does changing the pressure only effect?
Gasses
What happens if you increase the pressure?
The equilibrium tries to reduce it, it moves in the direction where there are fewer molecules of gas
What happens if you decrease the pressure?
The equilibrium tries to increase it, it moves in the direction where there are more molecules of gas
How can you find out which side of a reaction has more molecules of gas?
The balanced symbol equation
What happens if you increase the concentration of the reactants?
The system will decrease it by making more products
What happens if you decrease the concentration of products?
The system will increase it again by reducing the amounts of reactants
