Reversible reactions Flashcards
what is a reversible reaction
a reaction where the direction can be altered by changing the conditions
what is a closed system
where no reacting substance can enter or leave
what is a dynamic equilibrium
the state at which the rate of forward reaction is equal to the rate of backward reaction. so that the concentrations of the substances do not change
what is the Haber process
a reversible reaction where nitrogen and hydrogen react to form ammonia for fertilisers
what are all the conditions needed for the haber process
200 atmospheres
iron catalyst
450 degrees
how are the reactants for the haber process found
nitrogen from the air
hydrogen from natural gas
how does increasing the temperature affect the position of the equilibria
moves in the direction of the endothermic reaction
how does increasing the pressure affect the position of the equilibria
moves in the direction of the fewest molecules of gas
how does increasing the conc of a reacting substance affect the position of the equilibria
moves in the direction away from the reacting substance
how does adding a catalyst affect the position of the equilibria
no change
how does increasing temperature affect the rate of reaching the equilibria
increased
how does increasing pressure affect the rate of reaching the equilibria
rate increased
how does increasing the conc of a reacting substance affect the rate of reaching the equilibria
rate increased
how does adding a catalyst affect the rate of reaching the equilibria
rate increased
what factor affects the conditions of an industrial process
- availability of raw materials
what is a fertiliser
a soluble substance that is added to the soil to promote the growth of plants
what 3 substances are needed by plants for them to grow well
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
potassium
what are 2 typical soluble compounds for nitrogen
nitrate or ammonium slats
what is a typical soluble compound for phosphorus
phosphate salts
what is a typical soluble compound for potassium
potassium salts
how are fertilisers made in the factory
- raw materials such as natural gas, air and water to make ammonia.
- raw materials such as sulfur, air and water to make sulfuric acid
- an will use many stages to have large-scale production
what acid is needed to make ammonium phosphate
phosphoric acid
what type of process is lab production
batch process
what is a batch process
where only small amounts are made at a time
what type of process in large-scale production
continuous process
what is a continuous process
where large are made all the time
