Reversible causes: consider and correct Flashcards

1
Q

Description of hypoxia

A

lack of oxygen to brain and vital organs

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2
Q

Diagnosis of hypoxia

A

Cyanosis, SpO2 <93%, PaO2 <80mmhg

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3
Q

Treatment of hypoxia

A

Exclude mechanical cause such as obstruction. Administration of high flow, high concentration of oxygen

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4
Q

Description of hypovolaemia

A

Lack of circulating blood or plasma volume

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5
Q

Diagnosis of hypovolaemia

A

Obvious blood loss, history of increased HR with decreased BP

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6
Q

Treatment of hypovolaemia

A

Administration of IV fluids and blood products. Control bleeding

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7
Q

Description of hypothermia

A

Low core body temperature <35

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8
Q

Description of hyperthermia

A

High core body temperature >40 - e.g. MH, heat stroke

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9
Q

Treatment of hypothermia

A

Rewarm patient - bear hugger, warmed IVT, heated ventilation circuit

Provide CPR until temp 30C. Defibrillation is ineffective below this - “you’re not dead until you’re warm and dead”

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10
Q

Treatment of hyperthermia

A

Active cooling

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11
Q

Description of hypo/hyperkalaemia

A

Abnormally low or high levels of potassium

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12
Q

Treatment of hypo/hyperkalaemia

A

Administration of crystalloid IV fluids and electrolyte replacement

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13
Q

Description of tamponade

A

Blood/fluid trapped and accumulation in the pericardium compressing the heart

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14
Q

Diagnosis of tamponade

A

Becks triad: muffled heart sounds, elevated CVP with neck vein distension and hypotension

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15
Q

Treatment of tamponade

A

Pericardiocentesis

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16
Q

Description of tension penumothorax

A

Air trapped and accumulating in the pleural cavity, compresing the lung, heart and large vesels

17
Q

Diagnosis of tension pneumothorax

A

Tracheal deviation - away from affected side, tympany on percussion, absent breath sounds. CXR confirmation

18
Q

Treatment of tension pneumothorax

A

Finger thoracostomy between 4-5th ICS, i/o intercostal catheter and UWSD

19
Q

Description of toxins (poisons, drugs)

A

Substances ingested, injected or inhaled - accidentally or self harm. May be polypharmacy

20
Q

Diagnosis of toxins

A

Confirmation with blood serology. History of same

21
Q

Treatment of toxins

A

Antidote or reversal - dependent on cause. Supportive management until definitive treatment identified

22
Q

Description of thromboembolism

A

Blood clot in coronary/pulmonary vasculature (MI/PE)

23
Q

Diagnosis of thromboembolism

A

history of DVT, CVD, previous MI

24
Q

Treatment of thromboembolism

A

Consider thrombolytic or surgical interventions