REVALIDA

Question 1

The light sensitive tissue where light is converted into electric signals by rods and cones

Answer 1

Retina

Question 2

Nerve fibers that carry the electric signals from retina to optic chiasm

Answer 2

Optic nerve

Question 3

A structure where nerve fibers cross over to the opposite side of the brain

Answer 3

Optic chiasm

Question 4

Nerve tracts that carry visual information from optic chiasm to LGN

Answer 4

Optic tract

Question 5

Acts as a relay station for visual information, processing, and filtering signals

Answer 5

LGN

Question 6

Carry visual information from LGN to visual cortex

Answer 6

Optic radiation

Question 7

Responsible for processing visual information and creating sensation of sight

Answer 7

Visual cortex

Question 8

Scotoma in which area of depression in which target may seem blurry

Answer 8

Relative scotoma

Question 9

Scotoma in which it is an area where retinal sensitivity cannot be increased

Answer 9

Absolute scotoma

Question 10

Scotoma in which patient is not aware but detected in examination. Usually in peripheral area

Answer 10

Negative scotoma

Question 11

Scotoma which patient is aware. More on central area

Answer 11

Positive scotoma

Question 12

Border of scotoma is zigzag

Answer 12

Scintillating scotoma

Question 13

Scotoma is stationary and does not progress

Answer 13

Round scotoma

Question 14

Scotoma where the point of fixation is affected

Answer 14

Central scotoma

Question 15

Type of central scotoma where the point of fixation is not affected

Answer 15

Pericentral

Question 16

Type of central scotoma that can be on nasal, temporal, superior or inferior

Answer 16

Paracentral

Question 17

Central scotoma closer to the blindspot than the fixation point

Answer 17

Paracoecal

Question 18

Central scotoma where blindspot is larger than what is expected

Answer 18

Pericoecal

Question 19

Central scotoma that affects or joins together central scotoma and blindspot

Answer 19

Centrocoecal

Question 20

Shape of pupil

Answer 20

Round

Question 21

Location of pupil

Answer 21

Centrally located

Question 22

Normal pupil size

Answer 22

2-5mm

Question 23

Normal pupil size in physiologic state

Answer 23

3-4mm

Question 24

Pupil size considered as dilated

Answer 24

5mm

Question 25

Pupil size considered as constricted

Answer 25

1.5mm or less

Question 26

Factors that cause dilated pupils

Answer 26

Dim illumination, far vision, stage 1 anesthesia, mydriatic drugs, emotions, death

Question 27

Factors that cause constricted pupils

Answer 27

Bright illumination, near vision, stage 2 anesthesia, miotics, close eyelids, during sleep

Question 28

Pupils have abnormal shapes

Answer 28

Dyscoria

Question 29

Pupil have different sizes

Answer 29

Anisocoria

Question 30

Pupils have the same sizes

Answer 30

Isocoria

Question 31

Displacement of pupil from the center

Answer 31

Corectopia

Question 32

Excessive pupil constriction

Answer 32

Miosis

Question 33

Excessive pupil dilation

Answer 33

Mydriasis

Question 34

Stimulation of one retina by light produces contraction in the same eye

Answer 34

Direct Light Reflex

Question 35

Stimulation of one retina by light produces contraction in the opposite eye

Answer 35

Consensual Light Reflex

Question 36

Constriction of pupil when a near target is presented

Answer 36

Accommodative Convergence Reflex

Question 37

Unilateral constriction of pupil followed by dilation after closure

Answer 37

Orbicularis oculi Reflex

Question 38

Reflex that is useful to differentiate central from peripheral dysfunction, evaluation for suspected Horner's Syndrome

Answer 38

Ciliospinal Reflex

Question 39

Abnormal pupil size

Answer 39

Adie's Tonic Pupil Horner's Syndrome