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Micro/ Immuno > Retrovirus, Aids and tumor virus > Flashcards

Retrovirus, Aids and tumor virus Flashcards

1
Q

in 1970 Baltimore and Temin discovered what

A

reverse transcriptase

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2
Q

in 1981 Gallo and associates discovered HTLV 1 the first what

A

HTLV 1 the first retrovirus in humans

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3
Q

70 and 80s the ______ risk group begin dying of opportunistic infections defining a new disease of ____

A

the 4H club

AIDS

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4
Q

theory of HIV origin

A

HIV evolved from simian virus in Africa and spread through human mobility
theory SIV to HIV2 to HIV1

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5
Q

initial infection of HIV in humans seemed to occur when

A

1930ish

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6
Q

retrovirus quick facts

A

retroviruses large diverse group
unique replication cycle
many are benign causing little impact on host cell
others cause significant disease and cancer

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7
Q

two subfamilies of retrovirus

A

orthoretrovinnae

spumavirinae

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8
Q

what genus causes ASLV and RSv

A

alpharetrovirus

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9
Q

what genus causes MMTV

A

betaretrovirus

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10
Q

what genus causes MLV

A

gammaretrovirus

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11
Q

what genus causes HTLV1, HTLV 2, HTLV 5

A

deltaretrovirus

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12
Q

what genus causes HIV 1 and HIV 2

A

lentivirus

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13
Q

do spumaviruses causes disease in humans?

A

NO, they make foamy instructors inside of cells

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14
Q

retrovirus biology including family, genome, virion, replication location

A

family: retroviridae
genome: +ssRNA
virion: enveloped
REPLICATES IN NUCLEUS

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15
Q

where does retrovirus replicate

A

IN THE NUCLEUS AN EXCEPTION

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16
Q

is the genome of thE retrovirus diploid or haploid

A

diploid: identical copies

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17
Q

describe the proteins of retrovirus

A

reverse transcriptase- to go from RNA to DNA
integrase- inserts retrovirus into host genome DNA
protease
SP 120 and sp41 - proteins for attachment

18
Q

what is the most common retrovirus nucleocapsid structure and location

A

D type cylindrical nucleus centrally located

19
Q

what do simple retroviruses encode

A

The Gag, Pro, Pol, and Env genes

20
Q

what do complex retroviruses encode

A

Gag, Pro, Pol, Env and other genes including rev, new, lt., tat

21
Q

where does retrovirus replicate

A

nucleus!!

22
Q

explain the retrovirus replication cycle

A

attachment, entry, reverse transciptase changes sRNA genome to dsDNA
the dsDNA is then integrated into host dan making a provirus
transcription occurs from provirus
translation occurs, assembly, release and then maturation which includes protease activity

23
Q

retrovirus biology transcription description

A

uses reverse transcriptase to go from RNA to DNA. initiates once nucleocapsid is in cytoplasm needs high levels of NTPs
infection does NOT occur if reverse transcriptase can not occur

24
Q

what prevents reverse transcriptase in retrovirus

A

low NTP levels

25
Q

what has to occur for retrovirus infection to progress

A

reverse transcriptase has to occur for retrovirus infection to progress

26
Q

when is reverse transcriptase silent

A

when copies between genomes are identical

27
Q

how is retrovirus genomes integrated into host genome

A

through access of host nucleus, access during mitosis which means host cells must be dividing (but can infect non dividing cells through importation)
3 end processing of dsDNA
attack target DNA nick created
host repair - viral genome deficiencies can be fixed by host repair system

28
Q

can retrovirus genome be corrected once integrated into host genome? if so how?

A

yes, host cells repair systems are used to fix the retrovirus genome

29
Q

how can retrovirus infect non dividing cells? explain this concept

A

thru importation - mechanism is unknown

30
Q

is integration of virus DNA permanent

A

YES

31
Q

can retrovirus DNA be passed on to offspring

A

YES, provirus can be integrated in germ line and is called endogenous once this happens

32
Q

can integration cause cancer

A

yes

33
Q

name the integration identified oncogenes

A

transcription factors, secreted growth factors, growth factor receptors, cell signal transduction pathways

34
Q

do retroviruses make defected viruses during replication? what other virus does this commonly

A

Yes, many defective viruses are made, missing at least one protein can carry oncogenic properties
Rabies often defective

35
Q

What does a defective retrovirus require to make progeny

A

a complementary infection

36
Q

quick facts about retrovirus and infections in humans

A

many are benign, usually not cytopathic, do cause viremia elicit a immune response but host can live normal lifes, virus is never eliminated

37
Q

name 3 groups of retrovirus

A

slow retrovirus
cytopathic retrovirus
acute transforming viruses

38
Q

describe slow retrovirus

A

Eg: leukemia
high level mutagenesis
results in tumors

39
Q

cytopathic retroviruses

A

minority of retrovirus

cause tissue damage directly

40
Q

acute transforming viruses

A

induce rapid tumor formation
carry host genes (mitogenic, antiapoptotic)
often replication defective bc host gene replace essential viral genes

41
Q

Describe the biology of HTLV including family

A

four distinct types 1, 2, 3, 4
deltaretrovirus
first isolated in patient with cutaneous T cell lymphoma in late 70s millions affected worldwide

42
Q

Describe HTLV transmission

A

person to person, drug users, blood, sex (less efficient) mother to child via breastfeeding
in host highly cell associated, primary spread through contact between infected and naive cells

Micro/ Immuno (4 decks)

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