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Micro/ Immuno > Childhood viral diseases > Flashcards

Childhood viral diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Biology of Measles including family, genome, virion

A 
measles
family: paramyxovirus
genome: - ssRNA 
virion: enveloped
A helical enveloped virus that replicates in cytoplasm and buds outside of cell
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2
Q

Measles Virus replication

A

replicates in cell in the cytoplasm fusion protein causes syncytia formation

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3
Q

describe measles the disease

A

infected by inhalation of aerosolized droplets with a inoculation period of 10-14 days
recovery of about 20 days
most deadly of childhood viruses
symptoms onset coincides with second round of virus replication. occurs in LN, tonsils, lungs, GI tract, spleen
one in spleen secondary viremia

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4
Q

what is viremia

A

viremia is virus in the blood

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5
Q

characteristics of measles

A

virus and immune response damage to epithelial and endothelial cells, kopik spots

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6
Q

Complications of measles

A

immune suppression: interference with CD46 and signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (slam molecules)
Opportunistic infections- streps, staph, influenza
blindness from vitamin A deficeincy
ADEM - rare demyelinating disease
SSPE: very rare, 7-10 years after infection progressive neurological deterioration

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7
Q

diagnosis of measles

A

symptoms: 2-3 days fever and cough, coryza and conjunctivitis
rash: koplik spots (small bright red spots with bluish centers on buccal mucosa.
Lab: virus isolation in culture, Serology, ELISA RT-PCR

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8
Q

Measles Prevention

A

one infection causes 15- 20 very very contagious
infectious 2-3 prior to rash
humans only host
Vaccine: life long immunity, live vaccine, (Autism and colitis correlation retracted)
providing vitamin A can reduce severity
NO ANTIVIRALS

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9
Q

primary replication of measles?

A

local lymph nodes to lungs to aerosol spread

aerosol spread = transmission

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10
Q

Measles can lead to what?

A

ADEM and SSPE

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11
Q

Treatment of Measles is what?

A

prevention with vaccine

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12
Q

Measles in USA

A

measles declared eliminated in 2000 from USA. introduced to USA from international visitors outbreaks common in 2013 and 2011

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13
Q

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Biology including family, genome and virion

A

Family: paramyxovirus
genome: -ssRNA
virion: enveloped
has several proteins including polymerase which is needed for replication

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14
Q

Replication of RSV

A

replicated in cytoplasm needs polymerase

like measles replication

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15
Q

RSV biology in cell and body

A

RSV infects ciliated cells in the respiratory tract epithelium
fusion protein creates syncytia and virus buds from cellular surface

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16
Q

Describe the infection of RSV

A

RSV limited to respiratory tract and recovery is 7 to 12 days after onset. Very serious in children where infection occurs by inhalation of aerosol famine.
inoculation period: 4-5 days. upper respiratory symptoms then lower

17
Q

IgA response to measles is ______ so ______

IgA response to RSV _____ so _____

A

IgA response to measles is high so life long immunity occurs

IgA response to RSV is low so no immunity

18
Q

RSV viral characteristics

A

RSV has no life long immunity and no animal reservoirs
low cytotoxicity thought to result in slower immune response
infection risk factors? day care, school
risk for more severe disease? premature birth, male, second hand smoke, lack of breast feeding

19
Q

RSV prevention and treatment

A

No antiviral No Vaccine.

Passive immunoprophylaxis- targets F protein given IM once a month

20
Q

Varicella Virus biology including family, genome, virion

A

Family: alphaherpersvirus
genome: dsDNA and large
virion: enveloped
lots and lots of proteins

21
Q

Varicella bio facts

A

replicates in nucleus of cell, needs active cell for replication, infects neighboring cells first

22
Q

Varicella transmission, infection

A

transmission: inhalation of aerosolized droplets
incubation: 10-21 days

23
Q

varicella symptoms

A

fever, malaise, headache
rash 1 to 2 days after symptom onset rash progress for 3 -6 days, rash on scalp, face, trunk
recovery about 2 weeks

24
Q

recovery from varicella induces what

A

cell mediated immunity

25
Q

what happens when varicella becomes latent

A

can later develop into shingles

26
Q

prevention and treatment of varicella

A

vaccination: primary option, life long immunity, life virus
antivirals: acyclovir: interferes with genome replication, cannot eliminate latent virus, does not prevent infection of cells, drug resistance being observed

27
Q

Polovirus bio family, genome, and virion

A

family: picornavirus
genome: +ssRNA replicates in cytoplasm
virion: non enveloped
proteins: capsid non structural proteases and polymerases

28
Q

polovirus bio facts

A

replicates in cytoplasm, virus particle creates pore in cell membrane, genome serves as mRNA
replication happens primarily in Peyers patches of small intestine and secondary in major viremia

29
Q

Polio disease facts

A

prevalent in endemic areas in native children, infection occurs by ingestion of material with polio virus, low infectious dose, leaps from intestines to blood to nervous system where it causes greatest problems
fecal shedding of virus for 6 weeks

30
Q

Polio disease and CNS

A

CNS involvement in 1 out of 200 infections.
Virus replicates in gray matter of brain and spinal cord causing limb paralysis from anterior horn damage and respiratory paralysis from damage to medulla

31
Q

Polio prevention and treatment

A

Vaccine: salk (killed), sabin (live)
no animal reservoir
targeted for eradication

32
Q

Rotavirus family, genome, vision, proteins

A

family: reoviridae
genome: dsRNA 11 segments (genome never exposed)
virion: non enveloped
proteins: VP4: attachment and fusion
VP1: polymerase
VP2: RNA binding
VP3: transferase

33
Q

Rotavirus biology facts

A

replication in cell, disrupts membrane and genome is never exposed diagnosed by antigens in stool

34
Q

how is rotavirus diagnosed

A

antigens in stool

35
Q

Rotavirus the disease infections, symptoms

A

infection by ingestion of materials w virus
incubation: 2 days of vomitting and fever
diarrhea: 2 to 3 days after puking lasts 3 to 8 days
virus shedding for weeks
severest in children 6 to 24 months olds

36
Q

treatment of rotavirus and prevention

A

prevention: vaccines for infants
NO antivirals
oral rehydration, hand washing

Micro/ Immuno (4 decks)

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