neurological virus

Question 1

eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) family, genome, and virion

Answer 1

family: togaviridae
genome: + ssRNA
virion: enveloped

Question 2

venezuela equine encephalitis (VEE) family, genome, and virion

Answer 2

family: togaviridae
genome: +ssRNA
virion: enveloped

Question 3

west nile family, genome, virion

Answer 3

family: flaviviridae
genome: +ssRNA
virion: enveloped

Question 4

rabies family, genome, virion

Answer 4

rabies

family: rhabdoviridae
genome: - ssRNA
virion: enveloped

Question 5

what vectors do toga viruses and flaviviruses often use

Answer 5

arthropods

Question 6

common arthropod vectors includes

Answer 6

mosquitos, cullseta, aedes, culex, and ticks

Question 7

reservoirs for neuro viruses often include

Answer 7

birds and small mammals

Question 8

togaviruses and flaviviruses often use vectors for transmission but what is required for transmission to actually occur

Answer 8

the virus must replicate in the vector

Question 9

EEE and VEE virus Biology including family, genome, and vision

Answer 9

family: togaviridae
genome: +ssRNA
virion: enveloped

Question 10

what important proteins do EEE and VEE use and what are their functions

Answer 10

E1 and E2: cell attachment  and entry 
capsid protein (wrapped around genome)
non structural proteins

Question 11

where does replication of EEE and VEE occur

Answer 11

replication occurs in the cytoplasm

Question 12

How EEE/VEE introduced and what does it do in the body

Answer 12

EEE/VEE introduced through bite of infected arthropod
infect locally or carried by langerheran cells to LN
replication and released into the blood stream

Question 13

EEE and VEE rarely infect what in the body in about 5% of cases

Answer 13

EEE/VEE can infect organs such as the CNS and the method of crossing the blood brain barrier is unknown

Question 14

Go through the process of bite, to incubation, to symptoms

Answer 14

a person is bite, virus incubates for 4- 10 days then causes a systemic disease of chills, fever, malaise, arthralgia, myalgia that last 1-2 weeks

Question 15

EEE and VEE usually lasts about 1-2 weeks before recovery but in rare cases is can cause encephalitic disease which causes what kinds of symptoms

Answer 15

EEE and VEE encephalitic disease causes fever, headaches, irritability, restlessness, vomiting, diarrhea, convulsions, coma.
1/3 of encephalitic diseased die 2 to 10 days after onset,

Question 16

those who recover from encephalitic disease of EEE and VEE usually experience what

Answer 16

long term sequelae of seizures, personality disorders, and paralysis

Question 17

prevention and control of EEE and VEE

Answer 17

vaccine (TC-83 live, attenuated TC-84) provided to those at risk, only partially effective against inhalation dispersal of EEE and VEE. Vaccine causes virus symptoms
Supportive care is main treatment, prevention of mosquitos is key

Question 18

Where in the US is EEE most prevalent

Answer 18

on the east coast south to texas

Question 19

West nile virus biology including family, genome, vision

Answer 19

family: flaviviridae
genome: +ssRNA
virion: enveloped

Question 20

West nile virus disease incubation time, symptoms and timeframe

Answer 20

incubation: 2 to 14 days. most persons have asymptomatic infections
illness: about 20% of infections duration of 3 to 6 days

Question 21

west nile virus disease can change from a acute illness to a neuroinvasive disease in about 1 % of people what symptoms are involved with this neuroinvasive disease

Answer 21

neuroinvasive west nile disease causes aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, flaccid paralysis, altered mental state, tremors
50% of survivors have sequelae 12 months later

Question 22

west nile virus prevention and control

Answer 22

no vaccine, no treatment just supportive care prevent by mosquito control and repellant

Question 23

why is the west nile virus more widespread than EEE and VEE

Answer 23

west nile virus is widespread across the US bc its bird reservoir is a migratory bird

Question 24

rabies virus biology including family, genome, and virion

Answer 24

rabies

family: rhabdoviridae
genome: -ssRNA
virion: enveloped

Question 25

what proteins does rabies virus use

Answer 25

N- nucleoprotein
P- phosphoprotein
M- matrix
G glycoprotein for attachment and entry
L- polymerase

Question 26

Rabies biology facts about replication, genome, and proteins

Answer 26

broad tropism
replicates in cytoplasm
genome order dictates abundance of transcripts and proteins
binding of N to RNA triggers genome replication

Question 27

the beginning of rabies genome has ____ proteins and the end of the genome has ____ proteins

Answer 27

more

less

Question 28

what do cellular receptors of rabies virus do

Answer 28

cellular receptors can facilitate entry into a variety of cells

Question 29

rabies virus transmission and reservoirs

Answer 29

transmitted by bite of infected animal, reservoir of bats, skunks, raccoons, dogs
common in developing countries rare in US

Question 30

rabies virus disease incubation and spread

Answer 30

rabies incubates for 1 to 3 months longer is possible
spread: replicates locally until it finds neurons, moves passively in axoplasm of peripheral nerves to spinal ganglia spinal cord, and brain
spreads back to periphery, highly innervated salivary glands and replicates

Question 31

rabies virus symptoms and outcome

Answer 31

rabies symptoms: itching where bitten, fever, headache
hydrophobia, difficulty swallowing, foaming at mouth
cerebral dysfunction, anxiety, confusion delirium, hallucinations, insomnia
outcome: once symptoms occur almost always fatal
only 10 documented survivals, 2 having no history of previous prophylaxis

Question 32

rabies virus and prevention and control

Answer 32

vaccine available, post exposure shots immediately after with 4 doses.
immunoglobin
control of rabies in animals

Question 33

why does rabies virus infection require multiple doses

Answer 33

because the prophylaxis is not very immunogenic