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Anatomy Unit 3 > Retroperitoneal Structures > Flashcards

Retroperitoneal Structures Flashcards

1
Q

Boundaries of the Retroperitoneal Space

A
  • Anterior: Parietal Peritoneum
  • Lateral: Transversalis Fascia
  • Posterior: Investing layers of Thoracolumbar Fascia
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2
Q

Renal Fascia

A
  • Surrounds kidneys, ureters, suprarenal glands, fat, major vessels
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3
Q

Suprarenal Glands

A
  • Superior to kidneys, weakly connected but functionally independent
  • Endocrine, buried in perinephric fat
  • Outer cortex (corticosteroids, androgens), inner medulla (catecholamines)
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4
Q

Right Suprarenal Gland

A

Pyramid Shaped, related to:

  • IVC
  • Liver
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5
Q

Left Suprarenal Gland

A

Crescent shaped, related to:

  • Spleen
  • Splenic Artery
  • Pancreas
  • Stomach
  • Left crus of diaphragm
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6
Q

Kidney

A
  • Major organ of Urinary System
  • Excretion of waste, excess solutes
  • Resorption of nutrients
  • Critical role in regulating blood volume and pressure
  • Produces urine
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7
Q

Position of kidneys

A
  • Central back at costovertebral kidney

- Right kidney typically lower than left, only behind 12th rib where left is behind 11th and 12th ribs

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8
Q

Renal Sinus

A
  • Fat filled space continuous with perirenal space

- Passage for Renal A/V, Ureter, Nerves and lymphatics

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9
Q

Ureters

A

Muscular tubes running along lumbar vertebrae, crossing external iliac artery, entering posterolateral urinary bladder

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10
Q

Renal Calculi

A
  • Kidney Stones

- Lodge in predictable places: Where ureters meet vertebrae, sacrum, and bladder

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11
Q

Vasculature of Suprarenal Glands

A
  • Superior Suprarenal Arteries - From inferior phrenic arteries
  • Middle Suprarenal Arteries - From Aorta
  • Inferior Suprarenal Arteries - from Renal Arteries
  • Suprarenal Vein - to IVC
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12
Q

Renal Vasculature

A
  • Renal Arteries
  • Renal Veins
    • Left Renal Vein drains Left Inferior Phrenic Vein and Left Testicular/Ovarian Vein
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13
Q

Nutcracker Syndrome

A
  • Left Renal Vein runs between Superior Mesenteric Artery and Aorta, can become compressed
  • Leads to increase of blood pressure in left urinogenital organs
  • Think nutcracker bc it hurts your balls real bad
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14
Q

Suprarenal Glands Innervation

A
  • Suprarenal Plexus
  • derived mainly from thoracic splanchnic nerves and celiac ganglion
  • preganglionic sympathetic fibers
  • suprarenal medulla is essentially a sympathetic ganglion (that secretes hormones)
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15
Q

Renal Innervation

A
  • Renal Plexus
  • derived from least splanchnic nerve (via aorticorenal ganglia), posterior vagal trunk
  • visceral afferents follow T11-L2 segments
  • Postganglionic sympathetics and preganglionic parasympathetics
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16
Q

Posterior Abdominal Wall Muscles

A
  • Quadratus Lumborum
  • Psoas Major/Minor
  • Iliacus
17
Q

Quadratus Lumborum

A
  • O: iliac crest
  • I: 12th rib, L1-L4
  • Inn: vent rami of T12, L1-L4
  • Act: lateral bending of trunk
18
Q

Psoas Major

A
  • O: transverse processes/bodies of T12-L5
  • I: lesser trochanter of femur (as iliopsoas M)
  • Inn: lumbar plexus branches (L2-L4)
  • Act: flexion, lat rotation at hip; lat bending, flexion of trunk
19
Q

Psoas Sign

A
  • Psoas muscles closely related to retrocecal appendix

- Pain upon contraction can help diagnosis of appendicitis

20
Q

Iliacus Muscle

A
  • O: iliac fossa
  • I: lesser trochanter of femur (as iliopsoas M)
  • Inn: femoral N (L2-L4)
  • Act: flexion, lat rotation at hip
21
Q

Psoas Minor

A
  • Absent in 50% of people
  • O: body of T12-L1
  • I: iliopectineal arch
  • Inn: lumbar plexus branches (L2-L4)
  • Act: weak flexor of trunk
22
Q

Diaphragm

A
  • Muscular dome with central tendon, separates thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
  • O: ribs 7-12, costal cartilages, xiphoid, bodies of L1-L3 (crura)
  • I: central tendon
  • Inn: phrenic N (C3-C5)
  • Act: depresses floor of thoracic cavity, compresses abdominal cavity - Crura form tendinous arches]
23
Q

Lateral Arcuate Ligament

A
  • passage of quadratus lumborum M, subcostal neurovascular bundle
24
Q

Medial Arcuate Ligament

A
  • passage of psoas major M, sympathetic trunk
25
Q

Median Arcuate Ligament

A
  • Forms Aortic Hiatus
26
Q

Caval Foramen

A
  • IVC (level of T8)
27
Q

Esophageal Hiatus

A
  • right crus

- Esophagus, vagal trunks (level of T10)

28
Q

Aortic Hiatus

A
  • Aorta, Thoracic duct (level of T12)
29
Q

Which vessels of the Posterior Abdominal Wall are unpaired?

A

The Median Sacral Artery and Vein

30
Q

Posterior Abdominal Wall Arteries

A
  • Parietal Arteries:
    • Inf phrenic A: supply diaphragm, suprarenal glands, esophagus
    • Lumbar AA (typically 4-5 pairs): supply wall, MM
  • Gonadal Artery: supply gonads
  • Common Iliac Artery: Supply lower limb, pelvic cavity
  • Median Sacral Artery: Pelvic Wall
  • Subcostal artery
31
Q

Posterior abdominal wall veins

A
  • all drain into IVC except L gonadal vein (which drains into the renal vein) and the ascending lumbar veins, which drain into the azygous/hemiazygous veins
32
Q

Cysterna Chyli

A
  • drains lymphatics of abdominal cavity
  • located at L1-L2
  • Drains into thoracic duct
33
Q

Lumbar Plexus

A
  • Subcostal (T12)
  • Iliohypogastric (L1)
  • Ilioinguinal (L1)
  • Genitofemoral (L1-L2)
  • Lateral Femoral Cutaneous (L2-L3)
  • Femoral (L2-L4)
  • Obturator (L2-L4)
  • Lumbosacral Trunk (L4-L5)
34
Q

List the Structures of the Retroperitoneal Space

A
  • Duodenum (part)
  • Pancreas (most)
  • Ascending/Descending Colon
  • Kidneys, ureters
  • Suprarenal Glands
  • Abdominal Aorta, IVC
  • Post Wall Muscles

Anatomy Unit 3 (8 decks)

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