Peritoneum and Abdominal Cavity Flashcards
3 embryonic divisions of the gut
foregut, midgut, hindgut
adult organs in foregut
esophagus, stomach
liver, gallbladder
pancreas
duodenum (proximal part)
adult organs in midgut
dueodenum (middle and distal parts)
small intestine
cecum, appendix
colon (ascending/proximal transverse)
adult organs in hindgut
transverse colon (distal third)
descending, sigmoid colon
rectum
visceral peritoneum
covers most of abdomincopelvic organs (all of the intraperitoneal organs)
continuous with the parietal peritoneum at the liver’s falciform ligament
innervation of the parietal peritoneum
parietal-same innvervation of abdominal wall (dermatomes), same sensitivities as skin. same somatic afferents. somatic afferents in the dorsal root ganglion.
what is located in the peritoneal cavity
potential space between peritoneal layers. thin film of fluid
what is a mesentery… function?
double folds of peritoneum (not visceral or parietal) that anchor organs in place and provide pathways for neurovascular supply
primary retroperitoneal organs
adrenal glands
kidneys
aorta/IVC
anteriorly covered by peritoneum
intraperitoneal? what organs? are they covered by visceral peritoneum?
organs completely surrounded by visceral peritoneum/
location of greater omentum and function
attaches at 2 points on the greater curvature of the stomach, andthe transverse colon, separates viscera from abdominal wall. adhere and prevent infections. moves with transverse colon.
clinically: can fuse together in adults (becomes 4 layers)
function and location of lesser omentum
thin connection of the lesser curvature of the stomach and the proximal duodenum to the liver. suspends this from the liver
2 ligaments of the lesser omentum
hepatoduodenal ligament–thickened free edge, containing portal triad
hepatogastricligament–middle, fan like edge.. almost see through
which ligament contains portal triad
hepatoduodenal ligament
what is the portal triad?
hepatic artery proper
hepatic portal vein
common bile duct
The hepatoduodenal ligament is the portion of the lesser omentum extending between the porta hepatis of the liver and the superior part of the duodenum.
what do the coronary ligaments span between? how do they relate to triangular ligaments?
coronary ligament is single layered. suspends liver from diaphragm. span between the right and left triangular ligaments. falciform ligament divides liver into right and left lobes
embryological origin of the ligamentum teres hepatic? (round ligament of the liver)
obliterated left umbilical vein. forms free border of falciform ligament
what part of the gut does the mesentery proper support?
anchors jejunum and ileum to posterior abdominal wall. highly vascular and contains all nutrients absorbed
what is the difference between greater sac and omental bursa? where are the continuous?
continous at the epiploic foramen. greater sac is the remainder of abdominal cavity. it is divided into supra colic and infra colic compartments.
contains the subphrenic recess
what are 2 potential sources of infection or fluid exudate into omental bursa?
perforation of the posterior wall of the stomach. inflamed or injured pancreas–pancreatic-pseudo cyst.
what is the subphrenic recess? what are potential sources of infection is this recess?
superior part of greater sac above the liver and inferior to diaphragm
what are the paracolic gutters? infection can track from peritoneal cavity into what anatomical location via these gutters?
gutters are defined by ascending and descending colons. and split based on the mesentery proper. right illiac fossa or pelvis
innervations of visceral peritoneum
visceral- same innervation of organs, follow sympathetic pathways, less sensitive, usually stretch and chemical irritation)
secondary retroperitoneal organs
begin development in the peritoneal cavity, migrate to retroperitoneal space during development
pancreas ( head, neck, and body, not the tail)
the duodenum (except for the proximal first segment)
ascending and descending portions of the colon
