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Abdomen and small parts > Retro, Urinary, IVC, Aorta > Flashcards

Retro, Urinary, IVC, Aorta Flashcards

1
Q

The normal adrenal gland size is 2 x 1.1 x .4 inches

True
False

A

True

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2
Q

The relationship of the adrenal glands to the kidneys is? Select 3.

anterior
inferior
medial
posterior
superior

A

anterior
medial
superior

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3
Q

Which structure is located anterior to the left kidney?

right liver lobe
pancreas tail
gallbladder

A

pancreas tail

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4
Q

Which structure is located anterior to the right kidney?

pancreas tail
left adrenal gland
right liver lobe

A

right liver lobe

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5
Q

How thick should the bladder wall be?

3-6 mm
3-6 in
3-6 cm

A

3-6 mm

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6
Q

The serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers the abdominal organs is called:

Retroperitoneum
Peritoneum

A

Peritoneum

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7
Q

Which lab value is not associated with the kidneys?

BUN
AST
Creatinine

A

AST

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8
Q

What is the length range of the ureters?

20-30 mm
20-30 cm
2-3 cm

A

20-30 cm

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9
Q

Which describes the location of Morison’s Pouch?

b/w left kidney and spleen
b/w liver and gallbladder
b/w kidney and uterus
b/w right kidney and liver

A

b/w right kidney and liver

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10
Q

Select the structure that is NOT located posterior to both kidneys.

pancreas
psoas muscle
diaphragm
transverse muscle

A

pancreas

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10
Q

What is the smallest unit of the kidney and also the functional unit of the kidney?

cell
atom
nephron
neutron

A

nephron

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11
Q

______________ are triangular in shape and contain the loops of Henle.

renal sinus
renal cortex
renal hilum
medullary pyramids

A

medullary pyramids

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12
Q

What are some symptoms of Renal Artery Stenosis? select 2

uncontrollable HTN
sudden onset HTN
increased urine output
controllable HTN

A

uncontrollable HTN
sudden onset HTN

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13
Q

The kidneys, ureters, and bladder lie in which part of the body?

retroperitoneum
peritoneum

A

retroperitoneum

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14
Q

Which kidney is displaced a bit inferior as compared to the other kidney?

right kidney
left kidney

A

right kidney

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15
Q

Which organ causes the left kidney to be located higher in the abdomen than the right kidney?

spleen
pancreas
liver

A

liver

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16
Q

The right suprarenal vein drains into the IVC.

True
False

A

True

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17
Q

The 2 compartments of the peritoneum are called the less sac and more sac.

True
False

A

False

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18
Q

The space between the 2 peritoneal linings is called:

morison’s pouch
peritoneal cavity
vesicouterine pouch

A

peritoneal cavity

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19
Q

Ureters pass anteriorly to which muscles?

psoas muscles
quadriceps
transverse abdominus muscles
biceps

A

psoas muscles

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20
Q

Where is the crus of the diaphragm located?

between the aorta and the IVC
between the aorta and the SMA

A

between the aorta and the IVC

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21
Q

What is the most common tumor to metastasize to the IVC?

Hepato Cell Carcinoma
Pancreatoma
Renal Cell Carcinoma

A

Renal Cell Carcinoma

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22
Q

What is the name of the canal that transports urine from the bladder to the exterior of the body?

drain
ureter
bladder
urethra

A

urethra

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23
Q

Which suprarenal vein drains into renal vein?

right
left

A

left

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24
Q

In which type of patient are adrenal glands going to be the easiest to visualize?

Teens
Neonates
Geriatrics
Adults

A

Neonates

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25
Q

Which arteries in the kidney are located at the base of the pyramids? 3rd branch of the renal artery

segmental
afferent arterioles
arcuate
interlobar
interlobular

A

arcuate

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26
Q

Which arteries are found between the medullary pyramids? 2nd branch of renal artery.

interlobar
afferent arterioles
interlobular
segmental
arcuate

A

interlobar

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27
Q

Which arteries in the kidney course within the renal cortex, they are the 4th branch of the renal artery?

segmental
afferent arterioles
interlobar
arcuate
interlobular

A

interlobular

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28
Q

Will the bladder wall get thicker or thinner when it is empty?

thinner
thicker

A

thicker

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29
Q

The medullary pyramids are separated by cortex known as the _______________.

major calyces
Correct!
columns of Bertin
nephrons
loops of Henle

A

columns of Bertin

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30
Q

What is the name of the outer portion of the renal parenchyma?

renal cortex
medullary pyramid
Gerota’s fascia
renal pelvis

A

renal cortex

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31
Q

_______ is a bulge on the lateral border of the kidney that has the same sonographic appearance of the cortex.

Dromedary hump
Double collecting system
Horseshoe kidney
Hypertrophied column of Bertin
Fused kidney

A

Dromedary hump

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32
Q

A division of the renal sinus is called a _________. Each renal sinus will have its own renal pelvis and a double ureter may be present.

Double collecting system
Hypertrophied column of Bertin
Pelvic kidney
Horseshoe kidney

A

Double collecting system

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33
Q

Renal _______ occurs when one or both kidneys are located outside the renal fossa.

ectopia
agenesis
hydronephrosis

A

ectopia

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34
Q

Where is the most common place you will find an ectopic kidney?

chest
pelvis
RUQ
LUQ

35
Q

What structure covers the kidneys?

No answer text provided.
Gerota’s fascia
Glisson’s capsule
Grayson’s fascia
Morrison’s pouch

A

Gerota’s fascia

36
Q

What is the name of the lining that surrounds the adrenal gland?

Corticoid fascia
Gerota’s Fascia
Glisson’s Capsule

A

Gerota’s Fascia

37
Q

The kidneys help to maintain blood volume, excrete metabolic wastes, and they are able to function independently. This helps the body to maintain ________.

level of immunity to disease
homeostasis
blood glucose levels

A

homeostasis

38
Q

_________ is defined as when the kidneys are connected at their lower poles.

Hypertrophied column of Bertin
Dromedary hump
Horsehoe kidneys
Double collecting system

A

Horsehoe kidneys

39
Q

If the RAR is greater than ______, renal artery stenosis is present.

3.5
.75
.35
7.5

40
Q

The __________ is considered the inner portion of the renal parenchyma.

sinus
infundibulum
medulla
cortex

41
Q

Which structure is located anterior to the left kidney?

right liver lobe
pancreas tail
gallbladder

A

pancreas tail

42
Q

Which structure is located anterior to the right kidney?

pancreas tail
left adrenal gland

right liver lobe

A

right liver lobe

43
Q

The serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers the abdominal organs is called:

Retroperitoneum

Peritoneum

A

Peritoneum

44
Q

Which lab value is not associated with the kidneys?

BUN
AST
Creatinine

45
Q

What is the length range of the ureters?

20-30 mm
20-30 cm
2-3 cm

46
Q

Select the structure that is NOT located posterior to both kidneys.

pancreas
psoas muscle
diaphragm
transverse muscl

47
Q

The right suprarenal vein drains into the IVC.

True
False

48
Q

If a patient has significant renal artery stenosis, the sonographer may find that the affected kidney has

increased in size greater than 12 cm
shows signs of hydronephosis
decreased in size less than 9 cm in length
become anechoic

A

decreased in size less than 9 cm in length

49
Q

The formula for determining renal artery stenosis is

Peak systolic - end diastolic/End diastolic
Renal vein/IVC
Aorta/Renal artery
Renal artery/Aorta
Rt renal artery/Lt renal artery

A

Renal artery/Aorta

50
Q

The 2 main parts of the kidney are the _______ and __________.

renal hilum, renal pelvis
renal parenchyma, renal sinus
renal cortex, renal pyramids
Gerota’s fascia, renal parenchyma

A

renal parenchyma, renal sinus

51
Q

Which layer of the peritoneum lines the abdominal cavity wall?

visceral

parietal

52
Q

How many poles does the kidney have?

0
4
3
2

53
Q

When dealing with horseshoe kidneys, the kidneys are usually lower in the pelvis than normal. What vessel prevents them from ascending to their normal location?

Iliac Bifurcation
Celiac Axis
IMA
SMA

54
Q

What body system do the kidneys belong to?

Excretory system
Endocrine system
Digestive system
Reproductive system

A

Excretory system

55
Q

Which of the following structures will become dilated with fluid overload (CHF)?

SMA
Lt renal vein
Aorta
IVC

56
Q

What function is responsible for moving urine along the ureters towards the bladder?

peristalsis
valsalva manuevers
digestion
gravity

A

peristalsis

57
Q

If one kidney ceases to function, what generally occurs to the remaining kidney?

remaining kidney increases in size
remaining kidney decreases in size
remaining kidney never changes
remaining kidney cannot function alone

A

remaining kidney increases in size

58
Q

Which layer of the peritoneum lines the organs?

visceral
parietal

59
Q

The aorta is located on which side of the spine?

right
left

60
Q

In order to determine if the ureters are unobstructed and the kidneys are functioning, the sonographer can use color doppler to visualize urine entering the bladder. These are called ureteral or bladder _______.

streams
fountains
jets
waves

61
Q

The IVC is located on which side of the spine?

right
left

62
Q

Normal resistive index is typically _____________.

less than 0.7
less than 3.5
greater than 0.7
greater than 3.5

A

less than 0.7

63
Q

What is the area of the kidney called where the artery, vein and ureter enter and exit?

renal cortex
Morrison’s pouch
renal hilum
medullary pyramids

A

renal hilum

64
Q

Ureters are _______ structures.

tubular
spherical
solid
triangular

65
Q

The urinary bladder is located ________ to prostate gland in the male and _________ to vagina in the female. (think about the spatial relationships of the anatomy)

superior, posterior
inferior, anterior
inferior, posterior
superior, anterior

A

superior, anterior

66
Q

Kidneys may _____________ due to age, decreased blood flow, or disease.

increase in size
become completely calcified
remain the same size regardless
decrease in size

A

decrease in size

67
Q

The principal in which the nephron’s functional process is based on is called:

osmosis
techmosis
filtration
plasmosis

68
Q

A normal kidney should demonstrate ___________ flow.

high resistive
low resistive
tardus parvus
phasic

A

low resistive

69
Q

What vessel originates from the left ventricle of the heart?

SMA
Celiac Axis
IVC
Aorta

70
Q

What is the name of the area of urinary bladder where the ureters enter the bladder wall?

trigone
bladder sinus
urethra
urinary hilum

71
Q

What structure do the renal arteries originate from?

Aorta
Splenic artery
IVC
Celiac axis

72
Q

Which kidney is most common to have a dromedary hump?

right

left

73
Q

Which measurement would be considered within normal limits for kidney length?

11 mm
12 mm
8 cm
10 cm
13 cm

74
Q

The bladder is a retroperitoneal organ.

True
False

75
Q

The renal pyramids convey urine to the minor calyces, which in turn convey urine to the major calyces.

True
False

76
Q

The renal sinus is the central portion of the kidney.

True
False

77
Q

The renal parenchyma contains the collecting system.

True

False

78
Q

Resistive index is a relative value; it has no units.

True
False

79
Q

What are the 2 parts of the adrenal gland?

cortex
nephron
parenchyma
medulla

A

medulla
cortex

80
Q

When the left renal vein appears compressed by the SMA and the aorta, it is known as the:

nutcracker sign
smashed pumpkin sign
stenotic sign

A

nutcracker sign

81
Q

Match the methods of indirect and direct renal artery evaluation with the corresponding explanation.

direct evaluation
proximal, mid, and distal renal artery measurements

indirect evaluation
intrarenal waveform measurements

A

ndirect evaluation
intrarenal waveform measurements
direct evaluation
proximal, mid, and distal renal artery measurements

82
Q

How can renal dysfunction change the arterial waveforms of the kidney?

renal dysfunction is unrelated to arterial waveforms
cause a lower resistance waveform
cause a higher resistance waveform

A

cause a higher resistance waveform

83
Q

Which is NOT a reason that the IVC may become displaced?

liver mass
tortuous aorta
splenic cell carcinoma
lymphadenopathy

A

splenic cell carcinoma

84
Q

Resistive index is used to evaluate for normal low resistance flow, medical renal disease, transplant rejection.

True
False

85
Q

Match the adrenal gland appearance with the patient.

adult
small, hypoechoic structure

neonate
thin, hyperechoic core inside anechoic zone

A

small, hypoechoic structure
neonate
thin, hyperechoic core inside anechoic zone

Abdomen and small parts (7 decks)

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