Renal and Adrenal Pathology Flashcards
Large Adrenocortical Carcinoma’s have a tendency to invade what structures?
Correct answer:
adrenal veins and IVC
pancreas and splenic veins
aorta and kidneys
renal arteries and aorta
adrenal veins and IVC
This tumor is rare with a poor prognosis. They can be aggressive and grow larger than 6cm.
adrenocortical carcinoma
pheochromocytoma
adrenal hemorrhage
adrenal neuroblastoma
adrenocortical carcinoma
This tumor is associated with Von Hippel Lindau Disease. It secretes catecholamine. What is it?
Adrenal Adenoma
Pheochromocytoma
Adrenal Carcinoma
Adrenal Lymphoma
Pheochromocytoma
Which kidney pathology is caused by ischemic necrosis of the cortex with sparing of the medullary pyramids? This condition is rare but does cause acute renal failure. It is associated with burn patients, severe dehydration, and snake bites.
Acute tubular necrosis
Papillary necrosis
Acute cortical necrosis
Acute glomerulonephritis
Acute cortical necrosis
_____ is defined as tubulointerstitial inflammation of the kidney. Most commonly, this infection is caused by E coli from the intestinal tract that ascends to the kidney from the bladder.
Emphysematous pyelonephritis
Acute pyelonephritis
Xanthogranulomatous
Papillary necrosis
Acute pyelonephritis
This renal pathology is associated with multiple cysts in bilateral kidneys, the most common hereditary renal disorder. It’s usually asymptomatic, but can cause renal failure, hematuria, abdominal pain, and HTN in the patients 50s.
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease
Emphysemtatous pyelonephritis
Acute cortical necrosis
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
A patient comes into the ultrasound department for a renal scan. He has complaints of pain and hematuria. While reviewing the patient’s medical history, the sonographer notes that the patient has been on long-term hemodialysis. Sonographically, the kidneys are small and echogenic. 3-5 cysts are noted with internal echoes. The likely diagnosis is
Angiomyolipoma
Acquired cystic disease
Mycetoma
Emphysematous pyelonephritis
Acquired cystic disease
What is the most common cause of acute reversible renal failure?
Acute glomerulonephritis
Acute cortical necrosis
Acute tubular necrosis
Acute pyelonephritis
Acute tubular necrosis
This condition likely began in childhood. It can be unilateral or bilateral. When unilateral, the contralateral kidney can be affected. What disease is visualized here?
Chronic pyelonephritis
Pyenephosis
Medullary sponge kidney
Acute pyelonephritis
Chronic pyelonephritis
Simple renal cysts occur in approximately 33% of people over ______ years.
50
30
40
60
60
What is another name for mycetoma?
Renal cell carcinoma
Fatty tumor
Sludge
Fungus balls
Fungus balls
This is the most common congenital urinary tract anomaly, it can be complete or incomplete.
Crossed fused renal ectopia
Renal agensis
Duplex collecting system
Medullary cystic disease
Duplex collecting system
This is an uncommon, but life-threatening infection. Symptoms include fever, flank pain, and dehydration. It is characterized by gas formation in the kidney that produces dirty shadowing.
Acute tubular necrosis
Chronic pyelonephritis
Acute glomerulonephritis
Emphysematous pyelonephritis
Emphysematous pyelonephritis
_____________ is defined as an inflammation response resulting in glomerular damage caused by systemic disease. Symptoms include HTN, hematuria, and azotemia. Sonographically, the kidneys may be enlarged however will return to normal size with treatment.
Glomerulonephritis
Cortical necrosis
Pelonephritis
Acute tubular necrosis
Glomerulonephritis
The pathology shown here is defined as dilation of the calices that communicate with the central collecting system of the kidney.
Hydronephrosis
Medullary cystic disease
Pyonephrosis
Emphysematous pyelonephrosis
Hydronephrosis
This pathology shown here results in dilated collecting tubules and usually occurs in the 3rd to 4th decade of life. It is associated with autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease and Caroli disease. If stones are present, then hematuria, pain and dysuria may occur.
Medullary sponge kidney
Mycetoma
Angiomyolipoma
Medullary cystic disease
Medullary sponge kidney
This pathology will sonographically demonstrate multiple non-communicating cysts, absence of normal renal parenchyma and sinus, and focal echogenic areas. The kidney is usually small and malformed.
Multicystic dysplastic kidney
Crossed fused renal ectopia
Pyonephrosis
Xanthogranulomatous
Multicystic dysplastic kidney
The following image was obtained from an ER patient with acute right-side back/flank pain. The lab report on the blood test shows hypercalcemia. The pathology being demonstrated here is __________.
Acute tubular necrosis
Papillary necrosis
Nephrocalcinosis
Chronic pyelonephritis
Nephrocalcinosis
This pathology is uncommon. Sonographically, it has a central scar which suggests this pathology. However, the presence of the scar does not rule out it possibly being RCC. In fact, this pathology is indistinguishable from RCC by imaging.
Wilm’s tumor
Mycetoma
Oncocytoma
Angiomyolipoma
Oncocytoma
Analgesic abuse, diabetes, UTI, and dehydration are associated causes for which renal pathology? This can be diagnosed clinically with a urine sample.
Papillary necrosis
Acute cortical necrosis
Acute tubular necrosis
Acute glomerulonephritis
Papillary necrosis
_________ is defined as purulent material in the collecting system of the kidney and is associated with infection that is secondary to renal obstruction.
Acute tubular necrosis
Acute pyelonephritis
Pyonephrosis
Xanthogranulomatous
Pyonephrosis
This renal pathology is associated with Von Hippel-Lindau disease, tuberous sclerosis, acquired cystic kidney disease, and carcinogens. Symptoms include flank pain, a palpable mass, and hematuria.
Mycetoma
Xanthogranulomatous
RCC
Pyonephrosis
RCC
The patient you are scanning has recently had a renal transplant. Upon examination, you find an enlarged, hypoechoic kidney with a dilated renal vein that appears to have an absence of venous flow within the kidney. What renal pathology is suggested by these findings?
Renal artery thrombosis
Renal vein thrombosis
Acute cortical necrosis
Acute glomerulonephritis
Renal vein thrombosis
Stones can cause irritation to the urinary bladder wall.
True
False
True
This neoplasm most commonly occurs in the urinary bladder but can also occur in the ureters or renal pelvis.
Urachal cyst
RCC
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
TCC
TCC
Where is a transplanted kidney placed in the patient?
under the liver
in the pelvis
in the renal fossa
under the spleen
in the pelvis
________ is a multi-system disease associated with renal cysts and angiomyolipomas. The classic presentation includes mental retardation, seizures, and adenoma sebaceum.
Multiple sclerosis
Tuberous sclerosisis
Infantile polycystic kidney disease
Wilm’s tumor
Tuberous sclerosisis
The pathology shown in this image is a form of a chronic infection that causes destruction of the renal parenchyma. A large staghorn calculus may be present with this disease. If the calculus is present, the central renal sinus will have shadowing.
Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis
Pyonephrosis
Papillary necrosis
Chronic pyelonephritis
Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis
_____________ is defined as an inflammation response resulting in glomerular damage caused by systemic disease. Symptoms include HTN, hematuria, and azotemia. Sonographically, the kidneys may be enlarged however will return to normal size with treatment.
Glomerulonephritis
Cortical necrosis
Pelonephritis
Acute tubular necrosis
Glomerulonephritis
This patient has Cushing’s Syndrome and a hx of steroid use. You find this above the kidney. What is this most likely?
Adrenal Neuroblastoma
Adrenal Adenoma
Polycystic Ovary disease
Adrenal Lymphoma
Adrenal Adenoma
Does adrenocortical carcinoma have a good prognosis?
No
Yes
No
Fungal balls are hyperechoic and produce a posterior acoustic shadow.
True
False
False
Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease is divided into ____ types.
2
3
4
5
4
Which of the following characteristics would be considered atypical for a renal cyst and suggest malignancy?
irregular walls
solid component
multiple thick septations
all listed
none listed
all listed
Simple renal cysts occur in approximately 33% of people over ______ years.
50
30
40
60
60
Which kidney pathology is caused by ischemic necrosis of the cortex with sparing of the medullary pyramids? This condition is rare, but does cause acute renal failure. It is associated with burn patients, severe dehydration, and snake bites.
Acute tubular necrosis
Papillary necrosis
Acute cortical necrosis
Acute glomerulonephritis
Acute cortical necrosis
Ischemia of the medullary pyramids is called ___________.
Acute tubular necrosis
Papillary necrosis
Hydronephrosis
Pyonephrosis
Papillary necrosis
