Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PPMV 2 > Retinal Physiology > Flashcards

Retinal Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

PRs are slightly depolarized relative to a typical neuron. What is the resting membrane potential of a PR?

A

-50mV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

In the dark, what 2 things happen to PRs?

A
  1. Release glutamate

2. Depolarized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

In the light, what 2 things happen to PRs?

A
  1. No glutamate released

2. Hyperpolarized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What % of rhodopsin must be bleached to have a critical number of sodium channels closed?

A

10%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

PRs show what type of potential?

A

Graded potential - degree of PR hyperpolarization is related to intensity of stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

PRs synapse with what 2 inhibitory cells in the OPL?

A
  1. Bipolar Cells

2. Horizontal Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What two cells send retinal info horizontally? Are these cells excitatory or inhibitory?

A

Horizontal and amacrine cells

- inhibitory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Lateral connections provide feedback transmission of information via what pathway?

A

Centrifugal pathway (from gang. cells to PRs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Horizontal cells receive input from what cell?

A

One or more PR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Horizontal cells send information to what cell?

A

Bipolar cells - may also be innervated directly by other PRs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What inhibitory neurotransmitter do horizontal cells release in response to DEPOLARIZATION of PRs?

A

Gaba

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

H1 Horizontal cells primarily receive input from what PR?

A

M and L Cones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

This type of horizontal cell regulates adaptation and spatial responses of cones and bipolar cells

A

H1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

T/F: H1 cells connect to cones in its dendritic field and rods at its most distal end

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

H2 horizontal cells receive input from all 3 types of cones. Do they connect to rods?

A

No, do not connect to rods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What 2 types of cells show a graded response?

A

PRs and Horizontal Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

PRs and Horizontal Cells both HYPERPOLARIZE in response to light. What is this called?

A

Sign-conserving synapses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

This is the region of visual space that makes a neuron change its firing under the presence of a certain visual stimulus.

A

Retinal receptive field

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

A bipolar dendrite synapses with what 2 cells?

A

PRs and Horizontal cells

Dendrite = BPH, dicks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

A bipolar axon synapses with what 2 cells?

A

Ganglion, Amacrine Cells

Axon = BAG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What neurotransmitter is released from bipolar cells?

A

Glutamate

22
Q

Bipolar cells receive extensive synaptic feedback from what cell?

A

Amacrine cells

23
Q

What are the 4 kinds of bipolar cells?

A
  1. Rod bipolar
  2. Midget bipolar
  3. Diffuse bipolar
  4. S-cone bipolar
24
Q

This type of bipolar cells does not contact ganglion cells directly. They’re mediated by amacrine or cone bipolar cells

A

Rod bipolar cells (only 1 kind)

25
Q

In the central/mid-peripheral retina, this bipolar cell contacts only 1 cone. In the peripheral retina, this cell has input from more than 1 cone.

A

Midget bipolar cell (M or L input)

26
Q

In the central retina, this bipolar cell contacts about 5 neighboring cones, and in peripheral retina about 10-15.

A

Diffuse bipolar cell

27
Q

This type of bipolar cell is a short wavelength cone.

A

S-cone bipolar cell

28
Q

Bipolar cells generate what type of potential?

A

Graded potential

29
Q

Bipolar cells were the first to display ___ ____

A

Spatial antagonism

30
Q

If the bipolar cell depolarizes in response to less glutamate, what type of cell is this?

A

on-center cell

  • excited by light
  • releases glutamate
31
Q

If the bipolar cell hyperpolarizes in response to less glutamate, what type of cell is this?

A

off-center cell

  • inhibited by light
  • doesn’t release gluta.
32
Q

On-center bipolar cells synapse with ganglion cells in what layer of the IPL?

A

Inner sublayer (invagination synapse in

33
Q

Off-center bipolar cells synapse with ganglion cells in what layer of the IPL?

A

Outer sublayer

34
Q

The center response in bipolar cells comes directly from?

A

PRs

35
Q

The surround response comes indirectly from?

A

Horizontal cells

36
Q

What neurons were the first in the visual system to fire action potentials and generate transient responses?

A

Amacrine Cells

37
Q

The short and sweet response of Amacrine cells help do what 2 things?

A
  1. Code movement

2. Detect Change

38
Q

This is when the ganglion cells are always active, even when not stimulated. Sends signals from 5-40/sec.

A

Spontaneous Activity/ Maintained discharge

39
Q

Ganglion cells produce what type of potential?

A

Full action potentials

40
Q

On/Off center bipolar cells synapse with

A

On/Off center ganglion cells, respectively.

41
Q

On/Off center midget bipolar cells synapse with ?

A

On/Off center midget ganglion cells (parvo cells/p-cells)

42
Q

On/Off center diffuse bipolar cells synapse with?

A

On/Off center parasol ganglion cells (magno cells/M-cells)

43
Q

Midget (parvo) GCs are found where?

A

in the fovea

44
Q

What layers of the LGN do p-cells project to?

A

Parvocellular layers

45
Q

These ganglion cells are color sensitive, have high spatial resolution, poor temporal resolution and a sustained response to light

A

P-Cells, Midget Ganglion cells

46
Q

Input for the m-cells come from what cells?

A

Rods

47
Q

What layers of the LGN do m-cells project to?

A

Magnocellular layers

48
Q

This type of ganglion cell has good temporal resolution, is sensitive to motion and has a transient response to light.

A

Parasol ganglion cells (M-cells)

49
Q

The opposite effects of light on the center and surround is called:?

A

Spatial Antagonism/Lateral inhibition

50
Q

What 2 cells cause an action potential?

A

Amacrine and Ganglion

51
Q

What layer of the LGN do small, bistratified ganglion cells project to?

A

Konio layer

PPMV 2 (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions