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PPMV 2 > Color Vision 1 > Flashcards

Color Vision 1 Flashcards

1
Q

How human’s see is influenced by what 2 concepts?

A
  1. Brightness perception

2. Color Vision

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2
Q

This helps us differentiate objects allowing us to function without color.

A

Brightness perception

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3
Q

This allows us to discern different objects but doesn’t function as well without brightness perception

A

Color Vision

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4
Q

What portion of the spectrum is visible to human eyes?

A

400-700nm

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5
Q

What are the specific wavelengths 0ur photopigments can absorb at 400-700nm?

A
  • Spectral color or spectral light
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6
Q

For our vision system, what type of wavelengths look dimmer?

A

Short and long

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7
Q

For our visual syste, which wavelengths look the brightest?

A

Middle wavelengths

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8
Q

Mixing of primary light sources is _____, while mixing of primary absorbing pigments is _____.

A
  • light = additive

- pigment = subtractive

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9
Q

Light at what wavelength stimulates all 3 types of cones?

A

475nm

- stimulates s cones > L cones

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10
Q

This principle states the after a quantum of light is absorbed, all info about its wavelength is lost. Only the number of photons absorbed is encoded.

A

Principle of Univariance

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11
Q

Monochromats appear to differentiate colors because they use what 3 clues?

A
  1. brightness
  2. shape
  3. context
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12
Q

This type of disorder only requires 1 primary light to match any test light. Only need a change in brightness. Good VA.

A

Cone monochromat

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13
Q

This type of disorder is missing all 3 cone types and only has rods. No color discrimination, poor VA and sensitive to light.

A

Rod monochromat

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14
Q

This disorder has 2 type of cone photoreceptor types present with 2 different photopigments. Requires 2 primary lights to complete color matching. Limited color vision, normal VA.

A

Dichromat

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15
Q

How many wavelengths do monochromats need to make a match?

A

2

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16
Q

How many wavelengths does a dichromat need to make a match divided into 2 patches?

A

3

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17
Q

This is when one set of color stimuli all have the same color appearance, but different spectral comparison.

A

Metamers

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18
Q

This is when 2 patches of light have identical wavelengths. Opposite of metamer.

A

Isomer

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19
Q

What does the Trichromatic Theory of color vision say?

A

Color information is coded by activity in 3 types of cones.

  • 3 types of PR
  • 3 types of Photopigments
  • sensitive to a different wavelength
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20
Q

This cone type is an s-cone (shortest wavelength). What color is it?

A
  • Cyanolabe

- blue

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21
Q

This cone type is an m-cone. What color is it?

A
  • Chorolabe

- green

22
Q

This cone type is an l-cone. What color is it?

A
  • Erythrolabe

- red

23
Q

The SWS cones make up what % of cone population?

A

6-7%

24
Q

There are how many times more LWS than MWS? What about LWS to SWS?

A
  • 2 x

- 10 x

25
Q

These cones are absent in the central 20 minutes (.3 to .4) degrees of the foveal pit ?

A

SWS

26
Q

The rhodopsin gene resides on what chromosome?

A

Chromosome 3

27
Q

The M and L cone genes are on what chromosome?

A

Chromosome X

28
Q

The S cone gene resides on what chromosome?

A

chromosome 7

29
Q

What are the 3 Grassman Laws of trichromatic vision?

A
  1. Additive prop
  2. Scalar prop
  3. Associative prop
30
Q

This law states if the same radiation is added to 2 metamers, they remain metamers.

A

Law of additive property

31
Q

This law states if the intensity of the 2 metamers is increased or decreased by the same amount, they remain metamers

A

Scalar Property

32
Q

This law states a match will be maintained if one metamer is substituted for another metamer

A

Associative Property

33
Q

Color labels are based on what 3 perceptual attributes?

A
  1. Hue
  2. Saturation
  3. Brightness
34
Q

This is the perception based on wavelength

A

Hue

35
Q

This is colorimetric purity of fullness, how much “white light” is in the sample

A

Saturation

36
Q

This is the proportional amount of spectral light in a mixture of the spectral light and a white light.

A

Colorimetric Purity

37
Q

When no white light is added, what is the colorimetric purity?

A

1

38
Q

A monochromatic light at what wavelength appears less saturated than a monochromatic light at any other wavelength.

A

570nm

39
Q

At what wavelength will monochromatic light appear brighter than any other stimuli of equal energy in photopic conditions?

A

555nm

40
Q

What is the wavelength location of our best color discrimination? What’s the difference in wavelength that’s needed?

A

495 and 590 nm

- need at least 2 nm difference to notice

41
Q

Outside of the W curve, the change of wavelength has to be what to determine that the 2 colors are different?

A

at least 5-6 wavelength difference

42
Q

This phenomenon is the change in hue of most spectral colors that accompanies a change in their intensity.

A

Bezold-Bruke phenomenon

43
Q

Based on the bezold-bruke effect, as luminance _______, wavelength ________.

A
  • luminance increases

- wavelength decreases

44
Q

This is when all stimulit that fall on a line have the same hue.

A

Hue contour line

45
Q

In the Bezold-Bruke effect, this refers to the lines that are not tilted. They appear pure. What are they?

A

Invariant wavelengths

  • 478nm - blue
  • 503nm - green
  • 578nm - yellow
46
Q

This theory is based on the realization that certain pairs of colors are never seen together in the same place at the same time.

A

Color Opponent Theory

47
Q

What are the 3 opponent systems consisting of bipolar hue channels?

A
  • R/G channel
  • B/Y channel
  • Black/White channel coding for brightness
48
Q

Response to one bipolar hue channel is _______ to the other. i.e. Red or green, not both.

A

antagonistic

49
Q

What type of bipolar cells are color opponent?

A

Midget bipolar cells

50
Q

The opponent processing curves and hue cancellation predicted what?

A

The correct location of correct hues from the Bezold Bruke Effect! (478, 503, 578nm)

PPMV 2 (15 decks)

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