Reticular Formation Flashcards
Nuclei of the RF:
-_____ half is essential for
arousal, consciousness, and waking state
-_____ half for automatic breathing, CV,GI reflexes
Rostral; Caudal
(T/F) Neurons of the RF has Indirect & direct connections with all levels of CNS.
True
RF neurons have long _____ .
Axons
Descending RF axons are aka?
Reticulospinal track
Ascending RF axons are aka?
Asending reticular activating system (ARAS)
ARAS ascending in the _____ _____ tract.
Central tegmental
Which tract does Raphe nuclei of Medulla use to get to:
-Trigeminal sensory nuclei, Gracile and Cuneate nuclei, and Dorsal horn of spinal cord?
Raphespinal tract
How does Pariaqueductal gray matter, Trigeminal sensory nuclei, Gracile and Cuneate nuclei, and Dorsal horn of spinal cord get to Raphe nuclei of Medulla?
Spinomesencephalic tract
Serotonergic fibers are made by?
Raphe nuclei
-Sertonergic fiber
-Suppression conscious awareness of pain
-Sleep
These are the result of?
Raphe nuclei
Spinoreticular tract synapse in _____ group of reticular nuclei.
Central group
Fastigial nucleus of cerebellum will synapse in _____ group of reticular nuclei.
Central group
Pallidum and Preotpic area releases what neurotransmitter?
GABA
Hypothalamus releases what neurotransmitter?
Histamine
Pedunculopontine and Lateral dorsal Tegmental Nuclei function?
Consciousness and arousal
Parabrachial: -\_\_\_\_\_ from solitary nuc. and insula -\_\_\_\_\_ to hypothalamus, intralaminar nuc, and amygdala -Relay for \_\_\_\_\_ sensations
Input; Output; visceral
What are the functions of RF? (4)
Sleep and Arousal, Pain, Somatic Motor functions, Visceral activities
Consciousness - awareness of oneself and one’s surroundings accompanied by neuronal activity in the entire _____ cortex.
cerebral
Nocturnal phase:
_____ sleep - easy to awaken
_____ sleep - need strong stimulus to awaken
_____ sleep - muscles relaxed (RF inhibits motor neurons), active cortex, dreaming, need strong stimulus to arouse
Light; Deep; REM
Bilateral lesion of medial parts of upper pons and above, including the intralaminar thalamic nuclei. This will cause?
Irreversible coma
Tuberomamillary nucleus of hypothalamus is active in what state?
Awake
Tuberomamillary nucleus of hypothalamus releases?
Histamine (Wake you up) Antihistamine (drowsy)
Locus coeruleus uses _____ to stimulate the whole cerebral cortex.
Noradrenergic
Pedunculopontine nucleus uses _____ to stimulate the whole cerebral cortex.
Cholinergic
Which 3 groups of neurons directly or indirectly stimulate the whole cerebral cortex?
Locus coeruleus (Noradrenergic), Pedunculopontine nucleus (Cholinergic), and Central group
Pedunculopontine nucleus makes?
Acetylcholine (Cholinergic)
Reticular nucleus of thalamus and Reticulospinal tracts are?
Cholinergic
In REM sleep, cholinergic neurons stimulate the reticular (thalamic) nucleus that _____ other thalamic nuclei to the cortex. Thus, transmission of specific sensory pathways to the cortex is suppressed.
inhibits
_____ nucleus - firing pattern follow 24 hour cycle- receive input from retina.
Suprachiasmatic (internal clock)
Suprachiasmatic nucleus will regulate release of melatonin from the pineal gland through _____ neurons.
sympathetic
Tract for ascending pain pathway (Reticular formation)
Spinoreticular tract
Descending inhibitory pathway
2
- Periaqueductal gray
- Raphe magnus (raphespinal tract)
Raphe magnus (raphespinal tract) uses _____ neurotransmitter
Serotonin
Raphe magnus (raphespinal tract) receptors in _____ _____.
Substantia gelatinosa
