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Neuroanatomy (Final) > Cerebellum > Flashcards

Cerebellum Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of cerebellum?

A

Integrates sensory information to be used primarily

in the regulation and control of motor functions

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2
Q

Does the cerebellum give rise to any tracts projecting to spinal levels?

A

NO!

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3
Q

The cerebellum consists of __ hemispheres; __ lobes; median _____

A

2; 3; median vermis

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4
Q

The cerebellum is located in the _____ cranial fossa _____ to brain stem.

A

posterior; dorsal

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5
Q

Is cerebellum related to to falx cerebelli and tentorium cerebelli?

A

YES!

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6
Q

What matter is found in the cerebellar cortex, and what is the shape of it?

A

Gray matter; folia

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7
Q

What matter is found in the cerebellar medullary center? What types of axons are found here?

A

White matter; Afferents/Efferents

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8
Q

How many pairs of central nuclei is found in the cerebellum?

A

4 pairs

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9
Q

Primary fissure of the cerebellum divides _____ and _____

A

Anterior lobe and posterior lobe

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10
Q

What are the 3 deep nuclei found in the cerebellum?

A

Fastigial, Gblobose and emoliform (in human and apes) contains nucleus interpositus, and dentate

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11
Q

Axons from fastigial, globose and emboliform, and dentate nuclei projects to _____ nuclei and _____.

A

Brainstem nuclei and thalamus

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12
Q

What are the Efferents crossing Superior cerebellar peduncle?

A

Nucleus interpositus and dentate nucleus to contralateral ventral lateral nucleus of thalamus and red nucleus

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13
Q

What are the Afferents that crosses Middle cerebellar peduncle?

A

Contralateral pontine nuclei

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14
Q

What are the Afferents that crosses inferior cerebellar peduncle?

A

Cord, lateral cuneate nucleus, inferior olivary nucleus, reticular formation, vestibular nucleus

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15
Q

What are the 3 layers of cerebellar cortex? (Sup-Deep)

A

Molecular layer, Purkinje cell layer, Granule cell layer (MPG)

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16
Q

Is Folium white or gray matter?

A

White matter

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17
Q

Which of the 3 layers is this?

Closely packed small neurons; main receptive layer of fibers originating outside cerebellum

A

Granular (deepest)

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18
Q

Which of the 3 layers is this?

Single row of purkinje cells; axons project to deep nuclei

A

Purkinje cell layer

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19
Q

Which of the 3 layers is this?

Few neuron cell bodies; mostly a synaptic and integrative area

A

Molecular layer

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20
Q

What are the 5 cells that forms intracortical circuits?

A
  • Granule
  • Purkinje
  • Basket
  • Golgi
  • Stellate
21
Q

Which of the 5 cells that forms intracortical circuits is excitatory, and what transmitter is released?

A

Granule (glutamate)

22
Q

Which of the 5 cells that forms intracortical circuits that their axons are output of cortex, excitatory or inhibitory?

A

Purkinje cells (inhibitory; GABA)

23
Q

Which of the 5 cells that forms intracortical circuits has axons around purkenje cells excitatory or inhibitory?

A

Basket cells (Inhibitory; GABA)

24
Q

Which of the 5 cells that forms intracortical circuits is inhibitory (GABA) to mossy fibers?

A

Golgi cells

25
Q

Which of the 5 cells that forms intracortical circuits that most synapse with purkinje cells? excitatory or inhibitory?

A

Stellate cells (Inhibitory; GABA)

26
Q

Which of the 5 cells that forms intracortical circuits is inhibitory (GABA)?

A

Purkinje, basket, golgi, and stellate

27
Q

Which of the 5 cells that forms intracortical circuits is the only one that is excitatory (glutamate)?

A

Granule

28
Q

Input from inferior olivary nuclei will use which fiber?

A

Climbing fiber

29
Q

Input from all other sources besides inferior olivary nuclei uses what fiber?

A

Mossy fiber

30
Q

Olivocerebellar tract uses which fibers?

A

Climbing fiber (Climb to pick olives)

31
Q

All other tracts uses what fibers?

A

Mossy fibers

32
Q

Archicerebellum gives rise to which lobe?

A

Flocculonodular lobe (Fish and amphibians)

33
Q

Paleocerebellum gives rise to which lobes?

A

Superior vermis of anterior lobe and inferior vermis of

posterior lobe

34
Q

Neocerebellum are only found in?

A

Mammals, humans

35
Q

Vestibulocerebellum (flocculonodular lobe):

  • Adjustment of muscle tone in response to _____ stimuli
  • Coordinates actions of muscles that maintain _____ and ______; participates in other motor responses to vestibular stimuli
  • (e.g., _____ movements)
A

vestibular; balance and posture; eye

36
Q

Spinocerebellum contains _____ lobe vermis
and adjacent
_____ zones

A

anterior; paravermal

37
Q

Spinocerebellum
(anterior lobe vermis
and adjacent
paravermal zones):
-Controls tone and synergy of _____muscles, as appropriate, at any moment for adjusting posture and automatic movements
-Input from cord, trigeminal nuclei, inf. olivary nuc., RF

A

collaborating;

38
Q

Pontocerebellum is equivalent to?

A

Neocerebellum

39
Q

Pontocerebellum/Neocerebellum (lateral parts of hemispheres):
-Ensures a smooth and orderly sequence of muscle contractions and intended precision in force, direction, and extent of voluntary movements, especially in _____ extremities

A

upper (pointing at nose test)

40
Q

Pontocerebellum/Neocerebellum (lateral parts of hemispheres): Input from cerebral cortex
via _____ _____ nuclei (volitional movements anticipated or in progress)

A

contralateral pontine

41
Q

What is this syndrome called?
Characterized by abnormalities in the timing, range, force, speed, and sequencing of muscle contractions and resultant movements

A

Ataxia

42
Q

Flocculonodular lobe syndrome:
-Lack of coordination of _____ muscles (truncal
ataxia)
-Walks on _____ base; trunk constantly reeling and swaying
-Most often seen in children with _____.

A

paraxial; wide; medulloblastomas

43
Q

Anterior lobe syndrome:

  • Loss of coordination mostly in _____ limbs
  • Gait instability; walk as if drunk, i.e., staggering and reeling in a _____ manner
  • Extremely difficult to do the _____ test
A

lower; stiff-legged; heel-shin

44
Q

What is posterior lobe syndrome?

A

Loss of coordination of voluntary skilled movements (ataxia)

45
Q

Posterior lobe syndrome: Intention tremor – during the movement. What does this mean?

A

Unable to direct the limb to a target; swaying to and from

46
Q

Posterior lobe syndrome: Dysmetria and “past pointing” what does this mean?

A

Inability to control the range of a movement; overshoots or undershoots the target

47
Q

Posterior lobe syndrome: Dysdiadochokinesia what does this mean?

A

Inability to perform rapid alternating movements such as repetitive hand pronation and supination

48
Q

Posterior lobe syndrome: Speech may be affected (dysarthria) what does this mean?

A

Decreased muscle tone

Neuroanatomy (Final) (11 decks)

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