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Neuroanatomy (Final) > Limbic System > Flashcards

Limbic System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of Limbic system?

A
  • Emotional behavior related to survival. Visceral responses accompanying emotions.
  • Process of turning short term memory into long term (consolidation)
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2
Q

-Limbic lobe
-Subcortical nuclei
-Connecting pathways
These are part of what?

A

Limbic system

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3
Q

Subcallosal area, cingulate gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus,

hippocampus and dentate gyrus. These are all part of what?

A

Limbic Lobe

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4
Q

Amygdala, septal, hypothalamus (e.g., mamillary bodies), thalamus
(e.g., anterior, mediodorsal), habenula, midbrain reticular formation. These are part of what?

A

Subcortical Nuclei

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5
Q

_____ gyrus:

-Junctional region between neocortex, and allo/archicortex

A

Parahippocampal gyrus

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6
Q

Entorhinal area is located within _____ gyrus.

A

Parahippocampal gyrus

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7
Q

Parahippocampal gyrus: Entorhinal area faces _____ and faces _____ formation.

A

Neorcortex; hippocampal

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8
Q

How many layers are in neocortex, and alloarchicortex?

A

3; 6

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9
Q

What structures are found within the Hippocampal formation? (3)

A

Hippocampus, Dentate gyrus, Subiculum

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10
Q

Hippocampal formation: How many layers does hippocampus (archicortex) have?

A

3 layers

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11
Q

Hippocampal formation: How many layers does Dentate gyrus have?

A

3 layers

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12
Q

Hippocampal formation: What is the Subiculum?

A

Transitional zone

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13
Q

Hippocampal formation: What are the 3 layers of Hippocampus?

A

Polymorphic cell (1 layer), Pyramidal cell,(Main type; 5) and Molecular layer(6).

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14
Q

Major input is from _____ cortex which receives input from all association cortices and projects back to those association areas

A

entorhinal cortex

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15
Q

_____ cells are among the first to to be affected in diseases resulting in memory loss and loss of intellectual functions.

A

Pyramidal cells (Main cell of hippocampus)

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16
Q

Neurogenesis: neuronal stem cells located deep to _____ cell layer; mature into _____ neurons; increase in ______ activity seen in response to appropriate sensory stimulation

A

granule; functional; mitotic

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17
Q

Entorhinal cortex is afferent or efferent of the fornix?

A

Both

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18
Q

What is the function of Entorhinal cortex?

A

Cognitive and sensory information from association cortices

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19
Q

Each one fornix (per side) has what 3 parts?

A

Crura, Body, and Columns

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20
Q

_____ Circuit: may be involved with cognitive processes including _____ functions which are processed through hippocampal formation via cingulate gyrus

A

Papez; memory

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21
Q

Cingulate gyrus> _____ area> Hippocampal formation> _____> Mammillary body> _____ Nucleus and Internal capsule> Cingulate gyrus

A

Entorhinal; Fornix; Anterior thalamic

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22
Q

What type of memory is stored in the Hippocampus formation?

A

Newly, short term memory

23
Q

Limbic system has retention of information in _____ memory and its transfer into long term declarative memory

A

short term

24
Q

_____potentiation is vital for consolidation of memory traces

A

Long-term

25
Q

Cholinergic activity: significant for _____ [central ACh blockade severely impairs memory for lists of names, numbers]

A

learning

26
Q

Is ACh made in the limbic system?

A

No, it is released here

27
Q

What is Anterograde amnesia?

A

Loss of ability to create new memory, or recall of newly acquired information.

28
Q

Bilateral damage or removal of anterior part of temporal lobe can cause what?

A

Anterograde amnesia

29
Q

Bilateral damage or removal of anterior part of temporal lobe causes loss of _____ memory, not _____ memory.

A

Declarative; procedural (motor skill)

30
Q

Lesion in mamillary bodies, thalamus and alcoholism can cause what syndrome?

A

Korsakoff’s

31
Q

Loss of short term memory and fabrication of recent events is a symptom of what syndrome?

A

Korsakoff’s

32
Q

Projections from basal cholinergic forebrain nuclei (ACh) lost and/or degenerative changes in entorhinal area and hippocampus. Can cause what disease?

A

Alzheimer’s (memory loss)

33
Q

Amygdaloid body: Group of nuclei in the dorsomedial portion of the _____ lobe, near
the tip of the _____ horn.

A

temporal; inferior

34
Q

Limbic and amygdaloid body are essential for?

A

Survival

35
Q

Emotions = activities of the brain evoked by incentives for survival; fear (evaluates “threat”; is a behavioral response appropriate for each situation). What is it?

A

Amygdaloid body

36
Q

What are the 3 nuclei of Amygdala?

A

Basolateral (largest), Central, and Corticomedial (poorly developed)

37
Q

What are the 3 subcortical afferents to amygdala?

A

Thalamus; RF; Hypothalamus

38
Q

Cortical afferents to amygdala: All association areas which are also linked with _____ cortex

A

prefrontal

39
Q

Amygdaloid has reciprocal between _____ and _____ neocortices and anterior cingulate gyrus.

A

prefrontal; temporal

40
Q

Efferent of Amygdaloid: Stria terminalis projects to?

A
  • Septal area(indirectly influences autonomic nuclei)
  • Preoptic area
  • Anterior hypothalamus
41
Q

Efferent of Amygdaloid: Ventral amygdalofugal projects to?

A
  • Mediodorsal thalamic nucleus> Prefrontal cortex*

- Nucleus accumbens

42
Q

Amygdaloid is involved with the behavioral and emotional functions of the limbic system. What are they? (4Fs)

A

Fight, Fleeting, Feeding, F***

43
Q

Nuclei of Amygdala: Corticomedial (poorly developed) function?

A

Respond to unpleasant/ pleasant odors

44
Q

Nuclei of Amygdala: Basolateral (largest) function?

A

Assess nature of input (threat or not) ; provides perception of emotion

45
Q

Nuclei of Amygdala: Central function?

A

Along with Corticomedial: Appropriate autonomic and motor responses (expression of emotions)

46
Q

Nature of input: friendly (or not), frightening, dangerous. Which Amygdaloid nuclei assesses?

A

Basolateral

47
Q

Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus and Medial forebrain bundle are both part of what system?

A

Limbic system

48
Q

Amygdala activity produces the _____ and _____ responses that accompany fear and anxiety

A

autonomic; somatic

49
Q

A lesion in Amygdala or bilateral removal of the temporal lobes (including amygdala and much of the hippocampus) will cause what syndrome?

A

Kluver-Bucy syndrome

50
Q

What are the symptoms of Kluver-Bucy syndrome?
–Absence of _____ responses
– Overly attentive to all _____ stimuli; examine all objects visually, tactilely, and orally
– _____ (may be perverse)
– Visual agnosia (objects are not
recognized visually- damage to posterior _____ lobe)

A

emotional; sensory; Hypersexuality; temporal

51
Q

Anxiety and phobias, Schizophrenia, Epilepsy can all be linked to _____ dysfunction.

A

Amygdala

52
Q

-Activity of visual association cortex via hippocampus to
amygdala leading to inappropriate activity and excessive symptoms of anxiety
-Fearful visual images may be recalled by the current visual scene.
These are symptoms of?

A

Anxiety and Phobias

53
Q

Regionally specific atrophy predominantly affecting

medial temporal lobe, frontal and temporal parts of cortex, and thalamus. This is a symptom of?

A

Schizophrenia

54
Q

Most frequent focal site is medial surface of temporal

lobe. This is symptom of?

A

Epilepsy

Neuroanatomy (Final) (11 decks)

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