Results

Question 1

As expected, scores on many of the measures of working memory, speech and language, and praxis differed significantly in ?

Answer 1

in lvPPA and nfvPPA groups relative to healthy controls

Question 2

Only scores on tests of naming, comprehension, accuracy in reading aloud, and the percentage of nouns produced in narrative production and spelling differed between the

Answer 2

SD group and healthy controls, in keeping with their semantic disorder.

Question 3

Scores on tests of naming, auditory sentence comprehension, spelling, several tests of repetition and auditory-visual working memory differed between

Answer 3

AD and controls

Question 4

Patients in all groups showed problems in?

Which scores did not differentiate the groups? But there were?

Answer 4

naming and naming scores alone did not differentiate the groups.
But there were qualitative differences.

Question 5

Which patient group named a higher proportion of actions relative to objects than all other patient groups?

Answer 5

SD patient.

Question 6

SD group made more ? Than?

Answer 6

More semantic errors than nfvPPA patients.

Question 7

The disproportionately poor naming of nouns was reasonably sensitive (87.5%) and specific (86.8%) to?

Answer 7

SD.

Question 8

Which group made more phonological errors on naming tests than SD patients?

Answer 8

NfvPPA

Question 9

Agrammatism is a core feature ?

Answer 9

in nfvPPA

Question 10

yet, scores on only a subset of sentence processing tasks were

Answer 10

significantly worse in nfvPPA compared to the other patient groups.

Question 11

The Manchester sentence ordering test yielded the highest level of

Answer 11

Significance.

Question 12

Ordering five words according to a dictated sentence (dictation condition), and reading aloud of an ordered sentence (reading condition), were poorer in

Answer 12

nfvPPA comprared to all other patient groups.

Question 13

By contrast, on the standard, ‘order’ condition, in which patients were required to arrange sets of five words to form a sentence, nfvPPA scores were poorer than in

Answer 13

lvPPA but not SD or AD.

Question 14

The reading condition had the highest

Answer 14

sensitivity (91.7%) but the lowest specificity (78.1%

Question 15

NfvPPA patients performed more

Answer 15

poorly than other groups on several measures of speech derived from narrative production

These include a shorter mean length of utterance and more phonemic errors compared to all other groups, fewer dependent clauses per utterance compared to lvPPA and a lower percentage of well-formed sentences than SD. Scores on a test of comprehension of complex syntax did not differ significantly between the patient groups.

Question 16

Orofacial praxis differentiated nfvPPA from other patient groups, with overall scores on the Manchester orofacial praxis screen showing

Answer 16

good specificity (77.1%), and sensitivity (100.0%).

Question 17

Orofacial actions and pantomimes had the ?

Answer 17

highest specificity (both 100.0%) but lower sensitivity (58.3% and 41.7% respectively).

Question 18

unsurprisingly, production of repetitive and elongated speech sounds, that is, a measure of AOS, showed

Answer 18

the best balance of specificity and sensitivity (91.7% and 91.4% respectively).

Question 19

Patients with nfvPPA, lvPPA, and AD performed

Answer 19

similarly on tests of working memory, whereas SD patients showed superior performance.

Question 20

NfvPPA patients performed worse than

Answer 20

SD on digit span forwards and reverse conditions and on the sentence repetition test, whereas lvPPA patients performed worse than SD patients on all sections of the Brown– Peterson test.

Question 21

AD patients scored

Answer 21

lower on the reverse digit span, immediate Brown– Peterson test, and the visual patterns test relative to SD patients

Question 22

As working memory tests were expected to be useful in

Answer 22

differentiating lvPPA from other groups, the sensitivity and specificity of these measures for lvPPA were calculated.

Question 23

The total score on the Brown–Peterson test showed the highest

Answer 23

sensitivity for lvPPA (100.0%) but considerably lower specificity (50.0%).

Question 24

What made the specificity to increase to 65%?

Answer 24

When multidomain AD patients were excluded from the analysis

Question 25

The only tests to reach over 70.0% specificity for lvPPA were ?

Answer 25

the visual array comparison location test and the Manchester immediate word repetition test (77.4% and 76.5% respectively), but the sensitivities were very low (25.0% and 38.4%).