Restrictive Lung/MSK conditions Flashcards
What is the treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis?
-NOT CURABLE
-Slow progression with corticosteroids
-Lung transplant
-smoking cessation
-Nutrition, Oxygenation
What is asbestosis?
Accumulation of fibers that cause inflammation and scarring of the airways
Symptoms of asbestosis
Chronic coughing and chest pain
Treatment of asbestosis
NO CURE
Symptomatic support
Good nutrition
Breathing exercises
What are clinical manifestations of Asbestosis?
What does pneumonia begin as?
An infection in the lower respiratory tract
What is pneumonia?
Inflammatory process of the lung parenchyma (Bacterial & Viral)
Pneumonia causes an ______ of fluid in the alveoli.
Accumulation
What are some Clinical Manifestation of Pneumonia?
Treatment for Pneumonia
Drug therapy
O2 supplementation
-Postural drainage
-Airway clearance techniques
-Good nutrition
-Breathing exercises
-General functional and aerobic exercise
What is Bronchogenic Carcinoma?
Malignant growth of abnormal epithelial cells in the bronchus
Primary cause of Bronchogenic Carcinoma
Cigarette smoking
Most common type of lung cancer
Squamous cell carcinoma
Clinical manifestation of Bronchogenic Carcinoma
Treatment for Bronchogenic Carcinoma
-Surgery, radiation, chemotherapy
-Good nutrition
-Breathing exercises
-General functional and aerobic exercise
-Balance training
What is Pulmonary Edema
Restrictive lung disease caused by an increase in amount of fluid in lung
Clinical Manifestation of Pulmonary Edema
Treatment for Pulmonary Edema
Breathing exercises
General function and aerobic exercise
What is a neuromuscular cause of restrictive lung dysfunction?
Spinal cord injury
What do cervical spine injuries lead to?
Expiratory muscle paralysis
Spinal cord injuries can cause a ______ in inspiratory muscles as a result of _______
Inspiratory muscles
hypoventilation
Clinical manifestation of spinal cord injury
Treatment for spinal cord injury
-Clear secretions
-Breathing exercises
-Strengthen and increase the endurance of any remaining ventilatory muscles
-Active/passive chest wall stretch
What is ALS?
Progressive degenerative disease of the nervous system
What parts of the spinal cord does ALS involve?
Anterior horn cells of cervical, lower thoracic and lumbosacral spinal segments
Clinical manifestation of ALS
Treatment for ALS
-Supportive therapy
-Physical exertion is not recommended, but patient needs to be out of bed and mobile
What is Poliomyelitis?
Viral disease that attacks the motor nerve cells of the spinal cord and brain stem
Poliomyelitis results in ________.
Muscular paralysis
Clinical manifestation of Poliomyelitis
Treatment for Poliomyelitis
-Vaccine
-Airway Clearance
-Supportive therapy
-Energy Conservation
-Range of Motion
-Functional strength training
What is post-polio syndrome?
Weakening in previously affected and unaffected muscles
What is counterproductive with post-polio syndrome?
Intense resistive exercise and weight-lifting
What is more effective than strengthening exercises with post-polio syndrome?
Cardiopulmonary endurance training
What angles categorize pulmonary dysfunction in kyphoscoliosis?
70 to 120 degrees some pulmonary dysfunction;
> 120 degrees – severe RLD and respiratory failure
Clinical manifestation of kyphoscoliosis
Treatment for Kyphoscoliosis
-Surgical replacement
-orthotic devices and exercise
-Good nutrition
-General functional exercise and mild strength training
What is Ankylosing Spondylitis?
Chronic inflammatory disease of the spine
How is Ankylosing Spondylitis characterized?
By immobility of sacroiliac and vertebral joints and ossification of the paravertebral ligaments
Treatment for ankylosing spondylitis
-NO CURE
-Maintain good body alignment and thoracic mobility
What is Pectus Excavatum?
Funnel chest
What does severe pectus excavatum cause?
Decreased TLC, VC and MVV
What is Pectus Carinatum?
Pigeon breast
What is pectus carinatum associated with?
Prolonged childhood asthma
What is rheumatoid arthritis?
Chronic inflammation of peripheral joints
Clinical manifestation of Rheumatoid Arthritis?
Rheumatoid Arthritis treatment
-Corticosteroids and immunosuppressant
-Breathing exercises
-Regular physical activity
What is Systemic Lupus Erythematosus?
Chronic inflammatory connective tissue disorder
What is the most common lung dysfunction in pleurisy?
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
What is the main issue with systemic lupus erythematosus?
Diaphragmatic weakness
Clinical manifestation of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Restrictive lung dysfunction causes
A reduction in the volume of air being moved in and out
What is lung compliance?
Lungs ability to stretch and expand
How is lung compliance effected by Restrictive lung dysfunction?
-Lung compliance is decreased
-Resistance to lung expansion is increased
Lung volumes and capacities are ________ with restrictive lung dysfunction
Decreased
Signs of restrictive lung dysfunction
Tachypnea
Hypoxemia
Decreased breath sounds
Cor pulmonale
Symptoms of restrictive lung conditions
Dyspnea
Cough
Weight loss
Muscle wasting
What arteries are are arterial blood gas samples taken from?
Brachial artery
Radial artery
Femoral artery
What is the normal range for PaO2?
90-100 mmHg
What is the normal range for PaCO2?
35-45 mmHg
What is the normal range for pH?
7.35 - 7.45
What pH level is considered acidic?
<7.35
What pH level is considered alkalotic?
> 7.45
At what age does lung compliance begin to decrease?
20 years
All restrictive lung conditions cause a decrease in ________
PaO2
