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DPT830 (Exam #3) > COPD > Flashcards

COPD Flashcards

1
Q

What 3 disease states make up COPD?

A

Chronic Bronchitis, Emphysema, Asthma

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2
Q

COPD can be divided into what two disease pathology?

A

Obstructive & Restrictive

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3
Q

What is the primary metric for diagnosis for Obstructive Disease?

A
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4
Q

What are some examples of Obstructive Disease?

A
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5
Q

What are the primary 2 symptoms displayed by patients with of Obstructive Disease?

A

Dyspnea & Trouble Exhaling

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6
Q

What is the diagnoses for Restrictive Disease?

A
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7
Q

What are some metrics of Restrictive Disease?

A
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8
Q

What is the primary symptom(s) of Restrictive Disease?

A

Dyspnea & Coughing

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9
Q

FEV1 (Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 sec) = what?

A

The amount of air exhaled during the 1st sec of FVC

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10
Q

What is a healthy FEV1%?

A

> 70%

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11
Q

What are some metrics associated with obstructive disorders?

A

FEV1 Reduced
FVC Normal
FEV1/FVC Ratio Reduced

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12
Q

What are some metrics of restrictive disorders?

A

FEV1 and FVC Reduced
FEV1/FVC Ratio Normal or Increased

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13
Q

How is COPD characterized?

A

Characterized by the presence of airflow obstruction attributable to either chronic bronchitis or emphysema.

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14
Q

Does COPD have a cure?

A

Progressive Disease for which there is no cure.

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15
Q

What is chronic bronchitis?

A

Productive cough (most days) lasting longer than 3 months

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16
Q

What is Emphysema?

A

Abnormal permanent enlargement of the respiratory bronchioles and alveoli

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17
Q

What is the primary causes of Chronic Bronchitis?

A

Smoking 80-90% of cases
Urban pollution

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18
Q

What is the primary causes of Emphysema?

A

Cigarette Smoking

19
Q

What are the common signs & symptoms of COPD?

A
  • Shortness of Breath
  • Dyspnea (especially w/ exertion)
  • Orthopnea (upright breathing only)
  • Wheezing
  • Chest Tightness
  • Increased VR
  • Peripheral Cyanosis / Digital Clubbing
  • Ongoing or Productive Cough
  • Barrel Chest
  • Accessory Muscles during Respiration
  • Weight Loss
  • Decreased FEV1/FVC Ratio
20
Q

How is COPD Diagnosed?

A
  1. Signs & Symptoms
  2. Medical & Family History
  3. Test Results:
    - Spirometry
    - Arterial Blood Gases
    - Chest X-Ray
    - Chest CT Scan
21
Q

What is a Mild COPD Classification?

A

< 0.70 (FEV1/FVC)

FEV1 > 80% of predicted

22
Q

What is a Moderate COPD Classification?

A

< 0.70 (FEV1 / FVC)

50% < FEV1 > 80% of predicted

23
Q

What is a Severe COPD Classification?

A

< 0.70 (FEV1 / FVC)

30% < FEV1 > 50% of predicted

24
Q

What is a Very Severe COPD Classification?

A

< 0.70 (FEV1 / FVC)

FEV1 < 30% of predicted
FEV1 < 50% of predicted in presence of chronic respiratory failure

25
Q

What measurement tool is considered essential for COPD diagnoses?

A

Spirometry

26
Q

In order to minimize variability with bronchodilator values in spirometry, what is an adequate does (of what) to minimize variability?

A

400 ug Salbutamol

27
Q

In stage 1 of COPD, what are some subjective patient identifiers associated with the symptoms?

A

Patient is usually unaware that his/her lung function is abnormal

28
Q

In stage 2 of COPD, what are some subjective patient identifiers associated with the symptoms?

A

Patients typically seek medical attention b/c of chronic respiratory symptoms or an exacerbation of their disease.

29
Q

In stage 3 of COPD, what are some subjective patient identifiers associated with the symptoms?

A

Symptoms almost have an impact on the patients quality of life.

30
Q

In stage 4 of COPD, what are some subjective patient identifiers associated with the symptoms?

A

Quality of life is significantly impaired and exacerbations may be life threatening.

31
Q

What are some COPD Treatment Goals (x5)?

A
32
Q

What are 4 Primary COPD Treatment Goals?

A

1.) Improve Exercise Tolerance
2.) Advise Self-Management (ADLs)
3.) Increase Knowledge
4.) Airway Clearance

33
Q

What are some COPD Lifestyle Changes & Treatments?

A

Smoking Cessation, Proper Nutrition, Pharmacological Therapy (Bronchodilators, Corticosteroids, Vaccines)

34
Q

What is Pulmonary Rehabilitation?

A

Multi-Disciplinary and comprehensive intervention.

  • Patient Assessment
  • Patient Training/Education
  • Exercise Training
  • Psychosocial Interventions
  • Patient Follow-Up
35
Q

Patients with what symptoms are candidates for Pulmonary Rehab?

A
  • Severe Symptoms
  • ER/Hospital Admisions within the previous year.
  • Diminished ADL’s
  • Impairments in quality of life
36
Q

What are the benefits of Pulmonary Rehabilitation?

A
  • Improvements in QOL
  • Increased sense of well-being
  • Increased self-efficacy
  • Increased functional capacity
37
Q

What is Postural Drainage?

A

Getting in positions that make it easier to mucus to drain from the lungs.

38
Q

In Exercise Testing for COPD Patients what are some physiological function assessments?

A

GXT (cardiorespiratory) & Spirometry (pulmonary)

39
Q

Patient Shortness of Breath ratings for exercise testing in COPD Patients should be measured how?

A

Borg (1-10) Scale

40
Q

What is an exercise test termination indicator in exercise testing with COPD patients?

A

low SPO2 (< 90%) or a drop of 3-4%

41
Q

What forms of exercise are the best modalities for COPD patients?

A

Walking or Stationary Bicycle

42
Q

What are the FITT guidelines for COPD patients?

A

F: > 3-5 days/wk
I: SOB: < 3 (30-40% light / 60-80% vigorous)
T: Small Interval bouts
T: Walking and/or cycling

43
Q

When can supplemental O2 be provided to a COPD patient?

A

Can only be provided with a prescription from a physician & with patients with low SpO2

DPT830 (Exam #3) (7 decks)

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