restrictive lung disease Flashcards
1
Q
what are intrinsic restrictive lung diseases?
A
=disease of the lung itself/ the alveolar structures (alveolar walls/ lumen)
- leads to impaired alveolar gas exchange but C02 exchange is unimpaired.
2
Q
what are extrinsic restrictive lung diseases?
A
- thoracic/ extra-thoracic
- can be associated with obesity, kyphoscoliosis, ascites or diaphragmatic palsy
- neuro-muscular disorders
- pleural diseases
3
Q
what are idiopathic interstitial pneumonias other than idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)?
A
- desquamative interstitial pneumonia
- acute interstitial pneumonia
- non specific interstitial pneumonia
- respiratory bronchiolitis interstitial lung disease
- cryptogenic organising pneumonia
- lymphocyctic interstitial pneumonia
4
Q
what are the clinical presentations of restrictive lung disease?
A
- progressive shortness of breath
- dry cough
- c02 retaining symptoms = headache, confusion and lethargy
- finger clubbing
- obesity
- fibrotic crepitations
- pleural effusion
- cyanosis
- CO2 retention flap
- bounding pulse
- rapid breathing
5
Q
what investigations would you do on suspected restrictive lung disease?
A
- respiratory function tests
- 02
- CXR
- CT chest
- pleural ultrasound
- abdominal ultrasound
- bloods
6
Q
what is the treatment for restrictive lung disease?
A
- weight loss, diet and exercise
- pulmonary rehab
- anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic drugs
- treat neuromuscular disease
- surgery to fix scoliosis
- lung transplant
- intercostal drainage or ascetic drainage
- CPAP
- non-invasive ventilation
- 02
7
Q
what are the stages of interstitial lung disease?
A
- early stage is alveolitis (injury with inflammatory cell infiltration
- late stage characterised by fibrosis
8
Q
what are causes of restrictive lung disease?
A
- environmental (minerals, drugs, asbestos, radiation , post-ARDS, hypersensitivity)
- idiopathic = connective tissue disorders and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
9
Q
how is idiopathic restrictive disease diagnosed?
A
- biopsies
- transbronchial biopsy (special forceps used at bronchoscopy)
- thoracoscopic biopsy (more invasive but more reliable and generates far more tissue)
