Restorative dentistry

Question 1

what is class 1 skeletal pattern

Answer 1

maxilla 2-3mm in front of the mandible

Question 2

what is class 2 skeletal pattern

Answer 2

maxilla >2-3mm in front of mandible

Question 3

what is class 3 skeletal pattern

Answer 3

mandible anterior to maxilla

Question 4

what is stable occlusion

Answer 4

when the teeth occlude such that the possibility of movement is minimised

Question 5

what is intercuspal position

Answer 5

maximum interdigitation of the teeth, OVD is measured in this position

Question 6

what is edge-edge contact

Answer 6

upper and lower incisal edges are touching, teeth slide forward from ICP guiding on palatal surfaces of anterior teeth

Question 7

what is protrusion

Answer 7

mandible slides anteriorly to maximum limit, this movement is controlled primarily by the lateral pterygoid, during this movement the condyle slides down the condyle eminence

Question 8

what is maximum opening

Answer 8

full translation of the condyle over the articular eminence, no teeth contact

Question 9

what is retruded axis position

Answer 9

terminal hinge axis position, where the condyles articulate with the thinnest most avascular part of their respective disks, this is the most superior anterior position of the condylar head in the glenoid fossa

Question 10

what is retruded contact position

Answer 10

the first tooth contact when the mandible closes in the retruded arc of closure

Question 11

what is working side guidance

Answer 11

the side towards which the mandible moves

Question 12

what is non-working side guidance

Answer 12

the side opposite to the side in which the mandible moves

Question 13

what is sagittal condylar guidance

Answer 13

the angle formed by the inclination of the glenoid fossa in the saggital plane. The condyle descends down this on protrusive and lateral movements, causing disclusion of the non-working side

Question 14

what is bennett angle

Answer 14

upon lateral excursion of the mandible, the working condyle moves vertically whereas the non-working condyle moves forward and inward. It refers to the bodily lateral movement of the non-working condyle resulting from lateral movements of the condyle

Question 15

what is canine guidance

Answer 15

upon lateral excursion of the mandible, the canines remain in contact and cause disclusion of the rest of the teeth on the working and non-working side

Question 16

what is group function

Answer 16

simultaneous contact between multiple maxillary and mandibular teeth, ideally the premolars and canines, upon lateral mandibular movements distribute the biting force across the PDL

Question 17

what is a conformative approach to occlusion

Answer 17

restoration provided are designed in accordance with the exisiting jaw relationship

Question 18

what is a re-organised approach to occlusion

Answer 18

when an ICP cannot be established reliably, the occlusal scheme is re-designed in the retruded axis position, the most reproducible contact points

Question 19

what is centric interference

Answer 19

a premature contact that prevents the patient from closing in ICP, it can cause mandibular deviation in three dimensions

Question 20

what is working side interference

Answer 20

upon lateral excursion, contact between maxillary and mandibular molars on the working side discludes the anterior teeth or teeth involved in group function

Question 21

what is non-working side interference

Answer 21

upon lateral excursion, there is contact between maxillary and mandibular teeth on the non-working side

Question 22

what is protrusive interference

Answer 22

premature contact between maxillary and mandibular posterior teeth upon maxillary protrusive

Question 23

what are the treatment options for missing teeth

Answer 23

implants, conventional/adhesive bridge, glass fibre - reinforced composite bridge, composite bridge, flexible denture, cobalt chrome/acrylic partial denture

Question 24

what are relative contraindications of implants

Answer 24

diabetes, smoking, alcohol, drugs, active periodontitis, TMJD, immunocompromised patients, bleeding disorders, bisphophonate therapy

Question 25

what are absolute contraindications for implants

Answer 25

patient not compliant, ongoing chemotherapy, high-dose immunosuppressive therapy, incomplete maxillary/mandibular growth, allergies to implant material

Question 26

what are indications of implants

Answer 26

tooth loss, replace tooth with hopeless prognosis