Paediatrics

Question 1

what are the OHI for <3 years

Answer 1

1000ppm smear as soon as first tooth arrives

Question 2

what are the OHI for 3-6 years

Answer 2

> 1000ppm pea-sized

Question 3

what are the OHI for 7+ years

Answer 3

1350-1500ppm

Question 4

what can you prescribe for high caries risk children

Answer 4

10+ - 2800ppm toothpaste, 16+ - 5000ppm toothpaste

Question 5

how often/when can you prescribe fluoride varnish

Answer 5

from the age of 3
low caries risk - twice a year
high caries risk - four times a year

Question 6

when is pulpotomy indicated

Answer 6

when a vital restorable tooth has:
- large proximal carious lesion
- a carious/mechanical exposure of vital coronal pulp tissue
- no radicular pulpitis
- no abscess/fistula or when extraction is contraindicated

Question 7

what material is used to get haemostasis in pulpotomies

Answer 7

ferric sulphate

Question 8

what materials can be used to fill the pulp chamber in pulpotomy

Answer 8

ZOE, MTA, biodentine

Question 9

what are the steps for pulpotomy

Answer 9

tooth with caries extending into the pulp, pulp chamber accessed and removed with high speed bur, removing necrotic tissue from the root canal entrances with a straight probe, pulp chamber filled with material of choice, preformed metal crown placed

Question 10

what are the indications for hall crowns

Answer 10

interproximal caries, caries on two or more surfaces, pulp treated teeth

Question 11

what are the contraindications for hall crowns

Answer 11

pulpal symptoms or caries close to pulp, patients at risk of infective endocarditis, insufficient tooth remaining to retain crown

Question 12

what are the risks of orthodontic treatment

Answer 12

relapse, decalcification, root resorption, soft tissue trauma, toothwear against appliances, loss of periodontal support, loss of vitality, failed treatment

Question 13

what is incisal class 1 relationship

Answer 13

lower incisal edges occlude with or lie immediately below the cingulum

Question 14

what is incisal class 2 div 1 relationship

Answer 14

lower incisal edges lie posterior to the cingulum plateau of the upper incisors, the upper central incisors are proclined or of average inclination and there is an increased overjet

Question 15

what is incisal class 2 div 2 relationship

Answer 15

lower incisal edges lie posterior to the cingulum plateau of the upper incisors, the upper central incisors are retroclined, overjet is minimal or may be increased

Question 16

what is incisal class 3 relationship

Answer 16

lower incisor edges lie anterior to the cingulum plateau of the upper central incisors, overjet is usually reduced or reversed

Question 17

what is the molar class 1 relationship

Answer 17

the mesibuccal cusp of the maxillary first molar aligns with the buccal groove of the mandibular first molar

Question 18

what is canine class 1 relationship

Answer 18

the mesial incline of the maxillary canine occludes with the distal incline of the mandibular canine, the distal inclination of the maxillary canine occludes with the mesial incline of the mandibular first premolar

Question 19

what is molar class 2 relationship

Answer 19

the mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first molar occludes anterior to the buccal groove of the mandibular first molar

Question 20

what is canine class 2 relationship

Answer 20

the mesial incline of the maxillary canine occludes anterior to the distal incline of the lower canine

Question 21

what is class 3 molar relationship

Answer 21

the mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first molar occludes distal to the buccal groove of the first mandibular molar