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Module 3 Musculoskeletal system > Resting Membrane Action Potentials > Flashcards

Resting Membrane Action Potentials Flashcards

1
Q

what must occur to do any kind of activity voluntary and involuntary

A

Transmission of Signals

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2
Q

what must exist so signals may be sent to any cells

A

Electrical Potential

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3
Q

what happens when Electrical Potential is achieved

A

Electrochemical impulses are generated which carry signals to cells

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4
Q

This is the potential difference between intracellular and Extracellular fluid

A

Membrane potential

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5
Q

Two types of Membrane Potential

A
  • Resting Membrane P

- Action P

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6
Q

Rapid changes in the membrane spreading along the nerve fiber

A

Action Potential membrane

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7
Q

Cells are at rest, no change is happening

no net charge

A

RMP

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8
Q

When there is an concentration gradiant

A

there is an electrical difference

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9
Q

this is the main force responsible for the establishing of the concentration K+ and Na+

A

Sodium potassium pump

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10
Q

this is higher intercellularly

A

Ka+

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11
Q

this is higher Extracellularly

A

Na+

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12
Q

how to equalize the concentration

A

K+ moves out thru Potassium leak channels

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13
Q

what happens when K+ moves out to the outer membrane from the cyptoplasm

A

outer membrane- electro positive

cytoplasm- Electronegative

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14
Q

how does the K+ go back in

A

the accumulation of anions attract Ka+ in

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15
Q

What is the RMP of the large nerve Fiber

A

-90MV

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16
Q

this is the Exact point of K* moving is the same of K+ moving back in

A

Equilibrium Nerst Potential

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17
Q

what is the MV of Ka+

A

.94mv is needed to attarct Ka+

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18
Q

Mv of NA+

A

+61mV

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19
Q

how do you obtain nerst potential or what equation do you use to obtain nerst

A

Nernst Equation

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20
Q

this equation is used to get all the ions involved

A

Goldman Equation

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21
Q

How do you get the -90mv of the large nerve

A

get all the mv of ions using the goldman equation.

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22
Q

this equation if also put in the goldman eq.

A

Nernst equation

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23
Q

what is the result when nersnt equation is put in goldman Eq.

A

you find the -.86mv = it’s the potential inside the membrane

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24
Q

Rmp is -90mv

what happens to the -4?

A

-4 comes from the NaK pump

it adds additional negativity inside

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25
Q

significance of RMP

A
  • basic Cell to cell communication
  • keeps cells ready for Action potential
  • RMP is the driving force for ions to enter cells
26
Q

What is the movement of ACTION POTENTIAL

A

unidirectionals

27
Q

where does the nerve signal arise during acition potential

A

1st node of Ranvier and Axon Hilock

28
Q

how does Action Potential work. what happens during AP

A

Rapid change of normal resting negative membrane to positive potential.
ends equally rapidly

29
Q

Initiation of Action Potential

A
  • Stimulus triggers RMP
  • cell becomes permeable NA+
  • NA+ enter cells
  • cell reaches THRESHOLD POTENTIAL (-55)
  • if -55 is not reached no AP
30
Q

what is the MV of Threshold Potential of large nerves

A

-55mv

31
Q

integral membrane proteins that change conformation in response to depolarization of the membrane potential, open a transmembrane pore, and conduct sodium ions inward to initiate and propagate action potentials

A

VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNEL

32
Q

2 gates of Voltage gated Sodium Channel

A
  • Activation gate

- inactivation gate

33
Q

this gate is towards the outside the cell

A

Activation gate

34
Q

this gate is towards the inside

A

inactivation gate

35
Q

3 stages of voltage gated sodium channel

A
  • Resting stage
  • Activated stage
  • inactivated stage
36
Q

this stage of volted gated stage NA - ions can no longer enter channels and repolarization is occuring

A

Inactivated stage

+35 to -90mv

37
Q

this stage of volted gated stage NA - membrane is at -90

activation gate is closed so no influx is happening

A

Resting stage

38
Q

this stage of volted gated stage NA - -90 to +35

opening of activation gate abd influx of Na ions making the channel more positive

A

Activated stage

39
Q

are transmembrane channels responsible for returning the depolarized cell to a resting state after each nerve impulse

A

VOLTAGE-GATED POTASSIUM CHANNEL

40
Q

2 stages of Voltage gated K+ channels

A
  • Resting stage

- slow activation stage

41
Q

this stage of voltage of is at -90mv. preventing efflux of K+

A

Resting stage

42
Q

this stage of voltage of is at K+ is fully open and Na+ is closing

A

Slow activation stage

43
Q

Stages of Action potential

A
  • Resting stage
  • Depolarization
  • Repolarization
  • hyperpolarization
  • Recovery
44
Q

2 ion channels

A

Sodium channel

potassium channel

45
Q

Action potential stage where - Na+ channe closes and K channels open
goes back to normal resting membrane

A

Repolarization

46
Q

Action potential stage where - excess exit of K+ and membrane will be more negative than RMP

A

Hyperpolarization

47
Q

Action potential stage where - resting membrane before the AP begins. polarized at this stage and -70

A

Resting stage

48
Q

Action potential stage where - membrane become more permeable to NA+ hence more positive and -70mv is neutralized

A

Depolarization

49
Q

what happens when excess NA go into Large nerves

A

it goes in and overshoots near or beyond zero and becomes positive

50
Q

what happens when excess NA goes into small fibers

A

it goes to 0 and does not overshoot

51
Q

Action potential stage where - ions go back to normal. refractory period

A

Recovery

52
Q

this is transmission of depolarization along a nerve or fiber

A

Impulse

53
Q

characteristics of Action Potentials

A
  • All or nothing
  • Absolute refractory period
  • Relative Refractory period
54
Q

this characteristic of Ap. process will travel only if conditions are right
action potential must be higher or equal to threshold to proceed

A

All or nothing principle

55
Q

this characteristic of Ap. starts at start of AP (Upstroke) until repolarization (downstroke)

  • 2nd ap will not occure
  • NA channels will be inhibited and membrane must return to RMP
A

Absolute Refractory period

56
Q

this characteristic of Ap. Rmp is attained at Hyperpolarization
- stimulus must be greater than threshold but energy will be less

A

Relative Refractory period

57
Q

2 types of transmission of nerve impulses

A
  • Non saltatory

- Saltatory conduction

58
Q

this is the continous conduction
- charges will leak
and decrease in charge
AP will stop

A

Non Saltatory Conduction

59
Q

this type of nerve transmission travels from node to node
myelin sheaths prevent leakages
enables transmit effectively

A

Saltatory conduction

60
Q

this nerve transmission has small nerve fiber

no myelin sheaths and velocity at 0.25

A

non saltatory

61
Q

this nerve transmission has large nerve fiber

with mylein sheaths and 100 velocity

A

Saltatory conduction

Module 3 Musculoskeletal system (4 decks)

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