Rest_unsorted

Question 1

A huge thank you to the three pupils who typed this set in.

Thanks :)

Answer 1

Fiona

Saffron

Larissa

Question 2

Advantage of transpiration to a plant

Answer 2

This process provides minerals and cools the leaves of plants

Question 3

Example of a leaf adaptation that reduces the vapour concentration gradient by trapping a pocket of moist air

Answer 3

Rolled or hairy leaves or stomata in pits help to conserve water in this way

Question 4

Description of osmosis in the root cortex

Answer 4

Process in which water moves across the root cortex down a water concentration gradient

Question 5

Type of plant that has adaptations that include air filled spaces, reduced xylem in flexible stems and stomata on the upper surface

Answer 5

Adaptations of hydrophytes to life in water

Question 6

Adavantage to a hydrophyte plant of having air spaces in stems and leaves

Answer 6

Buoyancy - float towards the sufrace and the light is caused by these adaptations in hydrophyte stems and leaves

Question 7

Force of attraction between water molecules in the xylem vessels

Answer 7

This force is called cohesion

Question 8

Definition of hydrophyte

Answer 8

Term for a plant with adaptations for living in water

Question 9

Type of plant that has adaptations including sunken stomata, rolled or hairy leaves, water storage tissue and leaves reduced to spines

Answer 9

Adaptations of xerophytes to an arid enviroment

Question 10

Description of the movement of water in a plant stem

Answer 10

Pulled from the roots to the leaves in a fine thread in xylem vessels

Question 11

specialised root cells that provode a larger surface area to absorb water from the soil

Answer 11

Root hair cell

Question 12

Water vapour diffuses out of a leaf through these pores

Answer 12

Function of stomatal pores

Question 13

Movement of water from hypotonic to hypertonic solution through a selectively permeable membrane

Answer 13

Osmosis

Question 14

Solution with the same water concentration

Answer 14

Isotonic

Question 15

Solution with a lower water concentration

Answer 15

Hypertonic

Question 16

Solution with a higher water concentration

Answer 16

Hypotonic

Question 17

Meiosis does this by producing gametes with many different combinations of genes

Answer 17

Type of cell division that produces variation

Question 18

Homologous chromosomes have the same order of genes, what other features are similar?

Answer 18

The way in which homologous chromosomes are the same apart from shape, size, centromere position and banding pattern

Question 19

This is the meaning of haploid

Answer 19

Term for a cell such as a gamete with a single set of chromosomes

Question 20

This is what makes us call an allele recessive

Answer 20

Genetics term for an allele whose effect can be hidden by a dominant allele

Question 21

Term for cells such as most body cells which have two sets of chromosomes

Answer 21

This is the meaning of diploid

Question 22

Random way in which homologous chromosomes are dragged to the pole

Answer 22

This describes independent assortment

Question 23

Term for the chromosomes that pair up during the first meiotic division

Answer 23

This describes homologous chromosomes

Question 24

Number of divisions in meiosis

Answer 24

This process involves two cell divisions

Question 25

Cell structure that drags chromosomes to opposite poles during the first meotic division

Answer 25

This is the function of the spindle

Question 26

Organs that produce gametes by meiosis

Answer 26

This is the function of the ovaries, testes and anthers

Question 27

An allele whose effect always shows- never hidden by another allele

Answer 27

This is what makes us call an allele dominant

Question 28

Genetics term for a genotype that has either two dominant alleles or two recessive alleles for a given characteristic

Answer 28

Definition of homozygous

Question 29

Linked genes

Answer 29

Genes on the same chromosome

Question 30

Genetics term for a genotype that has a dominant allele and a recessive allele for a given characteristic

Answer 30

Definition of heterozygous

Question 31

Type of reproduction that maintains variation in a population

Answer 31

Sexual reproduction is the only type which does this

Question 32

These structures have the same genes but different alleles

Answer 32

This is the only difference between homologous chromosomes

Question 33

Different forms of a gene

Answer 33

This is a definition of alleles

Question 34

The purpose of a gene probe is...

Answer 34

to identify the exact position of a gene

Question 35

Term, for crossing two pedigree animals to give offspring with hybrid vigour

Answer 35

Hybridisation

Question 36

Name for the cell with its cellulose cell wall removed

Answer 36

Protoplast

Question 37

Small ring of bacterial DNA used to add human genes to bacterial cells

Answer 37

Plasmid

Question 38

Many bacteria have become steadily resistant to these over the last 50 years

Answer 38

This is an example of high speed evolution as the result of the misuse of antibiotics

Question 39

Enzyme used to join DNA eg. To seals a gene into a plasmid

Answer 39

The function of a ligase

Question 40

A useful product from genetically engineered bacteria

Answer 40

Insulin or growth hormone can be produced with high purity and in lare quantities in this way

Question 41

Type of isolating mechanism that depends on different breeding seasons or mating displays

Answer 41

This describes reproductive isolation

Question 42

Term for the evolution of several sprecies from a single ancestral species

Answer 42

Definition of adaptive radiation

Question 43

Term for X-rays, Uv lights and chemicals that cause DNA changes

Answer 43

This is a definition of mutagenic agents

Question 44

Group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile young

Answer 44

Usual definition of a species

Question 45

Term for picking the best animals for breeding

Answer 45

This is a description of selective breeding or artificial selection

Question 46

The survival of organisms best suited to their environment

Answer 46

Survival of the fittest

Question 47

Process in which organisms best suited to the environment survive and pass on their favourable alleles to the next generation

Answer 47

Result of natural selection for a well adapted organism

Question 48

An example of adaptive radiation seen in the birds of the Galapagos islands

Answer 48

Many species of birds with different beak shapes that have evolved from a common ancestor on the Galapagos Islands

Question 49

Factor that results in a high proportion of black melanic moths in an area by making them better camouflaged

Answer 49

Air-pollution kills the lichens and darken tree trunks leading to a highher proportion of peppered moths

Question 50

This is one purpose of wild life preserves, captive breeding, seed banks, laws, quotas, etc. (the other is to maintain genetic diversity)

Answer 50

Examples of a strategy for conserving an edangered species

Question 51

Procedure used to merge the genes of two sexually incompatible plant species

Answer 51

Somatic fusion can allow us to do this

Question 52

Description of social behaviour called dominance heirarchy or pecking order

Answer 52

Type of social behaviour where animals know their place in the group

Question 53

Shortage of food, nest sites, mates etc can cause this to occur between animals

Answer 53

Examples of resources which can cause competition between animals

Question 54

Shortage of light, space, water, minerals etc can cause this to occur between plants

Answer 54

Examples of resources which can cause competition between plants

Question 55

Type of competition between members of two different species

Answer 55

interspecific competition

Question 56

Type of competition between members of the same species

Answer 56

intraspecific competition

Question 57

Factor that increases the rate of transpiration

Answer 57

increased temperature, wind speed, light intensity or decrease in humidity

Question 58

Ways of maintaining genetic diversity

Answer 58

this is one purpose of wild life reserves, captive breeding, see banks, laws, quoatas etc (the other is to conserve endangered species)

Question 59

Alternative definition of a species

Answer 59

A group of organisms that share the same gene pool

Question 60

Description of foraging behaviour as seen in ants

Answer 60

An example is an ant meandering out from the nest until it finds food and then returning directly to the nest leaving a scent trail

Question 61

A plant with a compensation point at a low light energy

Answer 61

Shade plants have this compensation point at this level of light intensity

Question 62

Definition of compensation point

Answer 62

The light intensity at which the CO2 produced by respiration is equal to the CO2 used by photosynthesis

Question 63

Definition of the "Economics of foraging behaviour"

Answer 63

The energy gained from food must be more than the energy expended in gaining it

Question 64

These levels of grazing can reduce species diversity

Answer 64

This is reduced by low and very high grazing levels

Question 65

Stings, thorn and spines are referred to as?

Answer 65

Examples of plant structural defence mechanisms

Question 66

Name of a short term modification of behaviour involving a reduced response to a harmless stimulus

Answer 66

Definition of habituation

Question 67

Type of behaviour in which an animal or group of animals will defend an area for a food supply or nesting site

Answer 67

This is a description of territorial behaviour

Question 68

Adaptations that allow plants to tolerate grazing

Answer 68

Low meristems and deep root systems are adaptations which help plants to tolerate this process