Mutation Flashcards
Examples of mutagenic agents
X-rays, UV light and chemicals such as mustard gas are examples of this
A type of chromosome mutation that results in an organism having one or more extra chromosomes.
Definition of Non-disjunction
A human condition that results from having an extra chromosome.
Down’s syndrome - an extra chromosome 21.
A type of chromosome mutation that results in polyploid plants.
Caused by total non-disjunction
Term for a plant that contains one or more extra sets of chromosomes.
Definition of polyploid.
The advantage to a farmer of growing polyploid plants.
They show hybrid vigour.
What is meant by “Hybrid vigour”.
Plants that show increased yield, hardiness (stand up to weather) or disease resistance.
Chromosome mutation in which the order of several genes is reversed.
Inversion - a chromosome mutation
Chromosome mutation where a chromosome gains extra genes from a non-homologous chromosome.
Translocation - a chromosome mutation
Chromosome mutation where a chromosome gains extra genes from its homologous pair.
Duplication - a chromosome mutation
Chromosome mutation in which a chromosome loses one or more genes.
Deletion- a chromosome mutation
Gene mutation where a chromosome loses one or more bases.
Gene mutation - Deletion
Gene mutation in which one base is added to the DNA sequence.
Gene mutation - Insertion
Gene mutation where one base is replaced by another.
Gene mutation - Substitution
Gene mutation in which the order of several bases is reversed.
Gene mutation - Inversion
Give two examples of gene mutation which change only one (or sometimes two) amino acid(s).
Substitution and Inversion
Give two examples of gene mutation which change all the amino acids after the mutation.
Deletion and Insertion
Describe the effect of a mutation.
A change in the order of bases in DNA,
changes the order of bases in RNA,
which changes the order of the amino acids,
which changes the shape (and activity) of the protein.
