Rest, Locomotion, Eating and Drinking Flashcards
What animal is awake for the most time? Second most?
Horse (80%), sheep (68%) = hypervigilant
What animal is drowsy the most? Why?
Cattle (31%), rumination makes them drowsy
What animal is asleep the most?
Pigs (32%)
Purpose of sleep/resting
Restorative, allows metabolic recoveries and conservation of energies
In daylight, lateral recumbency is less than _____ in cattle
1 hour
REM sleep in cows occurs in about ___ periods for a total of ___ mins and __-__ hours of SWS
11
45
3-4
How many periods of drowsiness is there in ruminants? For a total of how many hours?
20 periods
7-8 hrs / day
How does the percentage of roughage in the diet affect sleep?
Increased roughage decreases sleep but increases sternal resting (more fiber = more time ruminating = more time spent drowsy)
How are rumination and sleep related
Inversely, more ruminating = less sleep
A horse that lies down at night is… During the day…
Probably asleep
May be abnormal
Long periods of resting in pigs indicates…
Positive well-being (normal)
Disinclination to lie at rest in horses may be… Cattle…
Orthopedic condition
Hardware disease
What else related to resting might indicate an issue
Fitful sleep, rising from resting posture frequently
How much time do horses, cattle, sheep and pigs spend standing
Horses = 92%
Cattle = 41%
Sheep = 70%
Pigs = 21%
What is tonic immobility
an apparent absence of coordinated responses in an animal without associated physical impairment
Flooring can influence what behaviours
Resting, mounting, lameness, slips/falls, play, social interactions, space, dominance hierarchies
Considerations for flooring (8)
Slats vs solid
Bedding material
Notching and grooving
Mats
Wire or plastic mesh
Elevated vs non elevated
Heated vs non-heated
Perches
Oxygen consumption increases…
Linearly in a running animal
Net cost of running is _________ for each species
constant
Slide 15
Kinetics
Three definitions of taxis
- locomotion either directly towards or away from a source of stimulation
- locomotory behaviour involving a steering reaction
- spatial correction movement resulting in orientation
What is thigmotaxis? aka
aka thigmotropism
behaviour revealing a drive to make and maintain close bodily contact with an associate animal
What animals are thigmotactic
Pigs, like to have bodily contact with another animals or an object, indicates thermal comfort
Two forms of gait patterns
Symmetrical, asymetrical
What is a stride
Full cycle of movement of a leg during the support, propulsion and flight phases
What is a symmetrical gait
Movements of limbs on one side repeat those of the other side, but half a stride later
What is an asymmetrical gait
Limbs from one side do not repeat those of the other
Some factors influencing feeding behaviour
Type of animal
Social factors
Rate of digestion
Palatability
Nutrient density/dilution
Experience
Intake stimulation/depressants
Some factors influencing grazing behaviour
Species
Forage quality/quantity
Season/weather conditions
Insect annoyance
Slides 18, 19
Feeding/grazing beh
Role of water? What increases water requirements?
Acid-base balance, heat regulation
Increase with heat and lactation
In sheep and cattle there is a significant relationship between what and water intake
Dry matter intake (not drinking, not eating and vice versa)
What do pigs and poultry do when feed intake is restricted
Increase water intake
What animals require free access to water at all times
Poultry, pigs
Kinetic behaviours have…
patterns, rhythms and phases
