Response to egalitarianism and fascism Flashcards
pre 1930
Spread of socialism and communism after WWI and emergence of fascism prior to WWII had
profound impact on evolution of conservatism.
Soviet Union was most powerful example of the threat posed by egalitarianism – inherently
challenged beliefs in property, hierarchy and modest reform.
This fear was underlined by the extension of the franchise in 1918 and accelerated growth of
new party Labour which was committed to wholesome common ownership.
Prominent inter-war conservatives, e.g. future Tory PM Harold Macmillan spoke of a ‘middle
way’ between capitalism and socialism, addressing economic inequality while respecting
core beliefs.
post 1930
In the 1930s the state sanctioned much greater degree of state intervention so at to protect
privilege and stifle socialism – conservative politicians supported Public Health, Housing and
Factory Acts.
After 1945, took further steps towards ‘big government’.
Across Western Europe, conservatives yielded to many ideas from rival ideologies –
democratic socialism and modern liberalism.
Embraced Keynesian economics, welfare state, and mixed economies involving extensive
state ownership of industries and services.
Argued these were little more updated expressions of their belief in one-nation and
paternalism (when criticised that Conservatism conserved no principles).