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BIO 202 > Respitory System > Flashcards

Respitory System Flashcards

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1
Q

f(x) of respitory system

A

supply body with O2 and dispose of CO2

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2
Q

Fx of pulomnary ventilation

A
  • breathing
  • movement of air in and out of lungs
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3
Q

Fx of external respiration

A
  • O2 and CO2 exchange between lungs and the blood
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4
Q

Fx internal respiration

A
  • O2 and CO2 b/w systemic bc and tissues
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5
Q

2 zones of respiratory system

A
  • Conducting
  • Respitory
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6
Q

Fx of conduction zone

A
  • serves as a conduit to gas exchange sites
  • no actual gas exchang e
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7
Q

fx of respiratory zone

A
  • site of gas exchange
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8
Q

parts of the conducting zone

A
  • Nose
  • Nasal Cavity
  • Nasopharynx
  • Oropharynx
  • Larynpharynx
  • Larynx
  • Trachea
  • Bronchioles
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9
Q

route of the air we breath

A

Nares, top of the hard palate, Nasal concahe

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10
Q

Purpose of nasal conchae

A

Increase SA + tuberlance. push particles to mucus cells

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11
Q

Characteristics of Nasal Conchae

A
  • warm air
  • Sticky Mucus
  • moistens air
  • traps bacteria/ debris
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12
Q

what is rhinitis?

A

inflammation of nasal mucosa, often due to cold viruses and allergens

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13
Q

what does rhinitis result in

A
  • nasal congestion
  • post-nasal drip
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14
Q

fx of the Nose

A
  • provide airways for respiration
  • moistens and warms the air
  • filters and cleans inspired air
  • resonating chamber for speech
  • houses olfactory recepters
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15
Q

purpose of the parasinal sinuses.

A

hollow space in skull
- lighten skull
- resonance champer 4 speech
-produce mucus

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16
Q

What is Sinusitis

A

inflammation of the sinus

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17
Q

What is a sinus headache

A

blockage of the passageway b/w sinuses
- air absorbed in sinus cavity

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18
Q

Purpose of Pharynx

A

also known as the throat
- muscular passage
- where food, fluid, and air passes
- continuous with nasal cavity & posterior nasal aperture

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19
Q

3 parts to pharynx

A
  • Nasopharynx
  • Oropharynx
  • Laryngopharynx
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20
Q

Loc of Oropharyx

A

behind mouth

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21
Q

Tonsils associated with pharynx

A
  • Pharyngeal Tonsil
  • Palatine & Lingual Tonsils
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22
Q

Purpose of Pharyngeal tonsils

A
  • lymphatic tissue high in the nasal pharynx
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23
Q

Purpose of Palatine and lingual tonsils

A
  • lymphatic tissue in Oropharynx
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24
Q

What is Tonsilitis

A

Swelling/ inflammations of palatine tonsils

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25
Q

What is the removal of palatine/lingual tonsils?

A

Adenoidectomy

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26
Q

What are Pharyngotympanic Tubes

A

Auditory Tubes
- Drain middle ear -> Nasopharynx
- mucous of ear and throat are continuous

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27
Q

What is the Larynx

A

Voice Box
- Routes air and food to proper places
- an important role in speech

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28
Q

What tissue type makes the Adams apple.

A

thyroid Cartilage

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29
Q

what do the vocal folds in the larynx do

A

vibrate w/ air = makes air

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30
Q

Purpose of the Epiglottis

A

guardian of airways
- Flap of elastic cartilage
- protects superior opening of the larynx

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31
Q

What does the epiglottis cover when swallowing

A

covers the larynx
to prevent food and fluid from entering the lungs

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32
Q

Characteristics of the Trachea

A

The Windpipe
- 4 inches long
- bifurcated @ 5th thoractic vertabrae
-rigid structure of c-shaped cartilage

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33
Q

What is a tracheostomy

A

provides an alternative route for air if upper airways are obstructed

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34
Q

Primary Bronchi

A

The trachea divides into Right and Left primary Bronchi

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35
Q

Significance of the Right Bronchus versus Left

A

Right Bronchi is
- Wider
- Shorter
- straighter than left

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36
Q

Which bronchi is more likely to have a foreign objects stuck

A

Right bronchus

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37
Q

How many lobes are in each lung

A

Left - 2 lobes
Right - 3 lobes

38
Q

Apex of lung

A

Narrow part of the lung, deep to clavicle

39
Q

base of lung

A

broad bottom part resting on diaphram

40
Q

What are the types of pulmonary pluera

A
  • Parietal Pleura
  • Visceral Pluera
41
Q

what is the visceral serosa

A

covers each lung

42
Q

what is the parietal luera

A

coverings thoracic cavity

43
Q

what is plueral fluid

A

serous secretion made by pleural membrane

44
Q

parts of the Respiratory Zone

A
  • Respiratory Bronchioles
  • Alveolar Ducts
  • Alveolar sacs
  • Aleveoli
45
Q

tissue type of alveoli

A

A single layer of Squamous Epithelial Tissue

46
Q

what are alveoli pores

A

openings that connect alveoli to alveoli

47
Q

What is the main inspiration muscle

A

Diaphram

48
Q

What are the other inspirations muscles that contribute

A
  • External intercostals
  • Sternocleaidomastoid
  • pectoralis minor
  • serratus anterior
  • scalenes
49
Q

What are the muscles of Expirations

A
  • internal intercostals
  • external abdomianl obliques
  • Internal abdominal obliques
  • transverse abdominals
  • Rectus abdomens
50
Q

What happens in quiet breathing

A

Inspiration occurs

51
Q

What happens during quiet inspiration

A

Diaphragm contracts downward

52
Q

what happens In deep inspiration

A
  • ribs elevate due to
  • external intercostals
  • pectoralis minor
  • scalences
  • sternoid….
53
Q

During quiet expiration

A

air leaves the lungs due to passive elastic recoil of the lungs + relaxation of diaphragm

54
Q

During forced exhalation

A

internal intercostals, adominal contract

55
Q

Do the lungs and thoracic cavity move as a unit (Y/N)

A

Yes.

56
Q

what is the Surfactant

A

Prevents surface tension from collapsing Alveoli

57
Q

Where is surfactant released from

A

secreted by type 2 alveolar cells

58
Q

what can you get from a spirometer

A

reading of lung Vol. and lung capacities

59
Q

Meaning of Tidal Volume (TV)

A

volume of air moved with each resting breath

60
Q

meaning of Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)

A

Volume of air inhaled after TV

61
Q

meaning of Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)

A

the volume of air exhaled after TV

62
Q

meaning of Residual Volume (RV)

A

volume of air left in the lung after maximal exhalation

63
Q

Inspiratory capacity (IC)

A

the total volume of air that can be inhaled

64
Q

Functional residual capacity (FRC)

A

volume of air in lungs after tidal exhale

65
Q

Vital Capacity (VC)

A

volume of moveable air

66
Q

Total lung capacity

A

total volume air lungs can hold

67
Q

what is partial pressure

A

the driving force behind gas exchange

68
Q

what is atmospheric pressure at sea level

A

760 mmHg

69
Q

PP of N

A

78.05%

70
Q

PP of O2

A

20.95%

71
Q

PP of CO2

A

0.03%

72
Q

PP of inheret gasses

A

0.93%

73
Q

how does PP vary with attitude

A

as altitude rises there is less atmosphere = and less pressure

74
Q

Fx of RBC

A

deliver oxygen to all cells of the body

75
Q

Characteristics of RBC

A
  • Anucleated
  • contain few organelles
  • packed with hemoglobin
76
Q

How many hemoglobin Mol. does each RBC have

A

250 million hemoglobin molecules

77
Q

how many molecules does each hemoglobin bind to

A

4 molecules

78
Q

how many O2 molecules does each RBC produce

A

1 million Oxygen molecules

79
Q

How many polypeptide units are in a hemoglobin

A

4 units in a hemoglobin

80
Q

how any heme groups in each globin

A

1 heme group

81
Q

each hemoglobins binds to _____ oxygen

A

4 O2

82
Q

What are the 3 hemoglobin types

A
  • Oxyhemoglobin
  • Deoxyhemoglobin
  • Carbaminohemoglobin
83
Q

Oxyhemoglobin

A

O2 is bound to hemoglobin
- bright red color

84
Q

Deoxyhemoglobin

A

O2 is delivered
- darker red color

85
Q

Carbaminohemoglobin

A

When CO2 is bound to hemoglobin
- Burgundy appearance

86
Q

Right shift

A

due to increased Temp, H+ concentration, and CO2
-overall increased oxygen delivery

87
Q

Left shift

A

Decreased temp, H+, CO2
- overall decreased O2 delivery

88
Q

Boyles Law

A

Volume and pressure are inverse. As on rises other lowers

89
Q

Daltons Law

A

total gas pressure is the sum of PP values for each gas

90
Q

Henrys Law

A

when a gas and liquid are in contact, gas dissolves in the liquid in proportion to it PP

91
Q

Bohrs effect

A

deoxygenated hemoglobin has agreat affinity for H+, CO2 and O2
Right and left shift

BIO 202 (6 decks)

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