Respitory and Circulatory systems Flashcards
What is the the respiratory systems function?
To bring oxygen in and move carbon dioxide out of the body.
What is the circulatory systems function?
To transport both substances (oxygen and carbon) from the lungs to the cells and from cells back to the lungs.
Where does the air travel once breathed in?
Air that is breathed in moves down the trachea, into the lungs - through the bronchi then bronchioles into the air sacs at the end called alveoli.
Where does oxygen move into the blood and carbon dioxide move out of the blood.
The alveoli
Make a list of where the air travels once breathed in (first to last)
Oxygen-nose or mouth-Trachea-Bronchi-Bronchioles-Alveoli
Blood that flows into the lungs returning from the body cells contains what?
high CO2 and low O2
How does CO2 leave the aveoli and get breathed out?
O2 will diffuse from the alveoli into the blood and will be taken to the body cells.
Gases move between the alveoli and the blood by what process?
Diffusion
What is diffusion?
Diffusion is the movement of molecules from where there are lots to where there are less.
Where does diffusion occur in the body (through what)
In the body, diffusion occurs across cell membranes
What does diffusion rely on?
Diffusion does not use energy but relies on the movement of particles.
What does the circulatory system transport?
The circulatory system transports oxygen and nutrients to the cells and wastes like carbon dioxide away from them.
What is blood carried in?
Blood is carried in blood vessels – arteries, capillaries and veins.
How does blood move in blood vessels?
The blood is moved through these vessels by a powerful pump called the heart.
A simple definition of the heart:
The heart is a four-chambered pump.
Describe the chambers of the heart:
It has two atria (top chambers) and two ventricles (bottom chambers).
What leaves the atria and ventricles, and the ventricles and vessels?
Special pieces of tissue called valves.
Valves do what?
Make sure the blood only flows in one direction through the heart.
What does the right side of the heart do?
The right side of the heart receives blood returning from the body, low in oxygen (deoxygenated) and pumps it to the lungs.
What does the left side of the heart do?
The left side of the heart receives blood returning from the lungs, high in oxygen (oxygenated) and pumps it to the body.
Where does blood enter the heart?
Blood enters the right side of the heart through the vena cava into the right atrium. It passes through a valve into the right ventricle and then through another valve into the pulmonary arteries to the lungs.
Where does blood return to the heart?
Blood returns from the lungs to the left side of the heart through the pulmonary veins into the left atrium.
It passes through a valve to the left ventricle and through a final valve into the aorta and around the body.
What are the 3 types of blood vessels?
Arteries, Capillaries, and viens
Describe Capillaries
Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels in the body
They are the site of exchange of materials (like oxygen, nutrients and wastes) between the cells and the blood
Describe Arteries
Arteries carry blood from the heart
Generally, arteries will carry oxygenated blood (except the pulmonary arteries)
Describe viens
Veins carry blood to the heart
Generally, veins will carry deoxygenated blood (except the pulmonary veins)
What is oxygen carried by?
The oxygen is carried by haemoglobin, a special molecule found in red blood cells.
What happens when blood reaches cells?
When this blood reaches the cells, the oxygen is released from the haemoglobin and diffuses into the cells to be used for cellular respiration.
How does carbon dioxide exit the cells (simple def)
Carbon dioxide (waste from cellular respiration) will move from the cells into the blood to be returned to the lungs and breathed out.
